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Commons Chamber

Volume 388: debated on Friday 2 April 1943

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House Of Commons

Wednesday, 21st April, 1943

[Mr. SPEAKER in the Chair]

Oral Answers To Questions

Shackled Prisoners Of War

1.

asked the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs whether he can now make a statement on the shackling of British prisoners of war in German camps?

On 11th February last I told the House that a communication had been sent on that day to the Swiss Government, with the request that the views of His Majesty's Governments in the United Kingdom and in Canada on the question of shackling set out therein should be conveyed to the German Government. The reply of the German Government has recently been communicated to me, through the same channel, and I think that hon. Members, who have been very patient upon this distressing matter, should know the present position.

The Geneva Convention lays down generally that prisoners of war must be humanely treated, and the point at issue between His Majesty's Governments and the German Government is what constitutes such treatment. The Geneva Convention does not attempt to define humane treatment, and lays down no rule about the shackling or binding of prisoners during operations. The German Government assert that they will renounce the measures taken against our prisoners only on receipt of an assurance that instructions have been issued to our Forces forbidding the binding and shackling of German prisoners in any circumstances whatsoever. We informed the Swiss Government, in the communication sent on 11th February, and they in turn informed the German Government, that instructions had been issued to our Armed Forces to ensure that all ranks should be acquainted with, and observe, the terms of the Geneva Convention, and that, in those instructions, it has been made clear that a general order to bind prisoners is illegal and that the issue of any such order is strictly forbidden. The instructions, however, went on to say that circumstances may arise in which the binding of prisoners may be necessary, and may, indeed, be in the best interest of the prisoner himself. It is the duty of a prisoner during operations to try to escape and to impede his captors, who must, of course, prevent such action. In such circumstances, binding, which must be carried out in a humane manner, is permissible, always provided that it is discontinued as soon as immediate operational necessity allows. These views were duly communicated by the Swiss Minister for Foreign Affairs to the German Government, who have now replied that our prohibition in principle of shackling is made illusory by the above reservation of circumstances, and they therefore insist on compliance with their earlier demand.

His Majesty's Governments have continued, and will continue, scrupulously to observe not only the terms but also the spirit of the Geneva Convention, Article 2 of which lays down that prisoners of war shall "at all times be humanely treated and protected." I should perhaps add that that article of the Convention, of which Germany was a signatory, also provides that "measures of reprisal against them are forbidden." May I, in this connection, remind the House that, on 7th December last, the Swiss Government suggested both to the German Government and to the Governments of the United Kingdom and Canada that, "without prejudice to the matters in dispute" and in order to "terminate a state of things manifestly contrary to the principles of humanity," all prisoners in their hands should be freed from their shackles at an agreed hour on 15th December. The House will recall that, as evidence of their desire to respond fully and promptly to the spirit of the Swiss proposal, the Governments of Canada and the United Kingdom gave orders that German prisoners in their hands, who had been shackled, should be freed from their bonds on 12th December. The German Government continued, however, to shackle our men.

His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom are considering, in consultation with Dominion Governments, the terms of the reply to be made, for the information of the German Government, to the Swiss Minister for Foreign Affairs, to whose skilful and patient handling of this matter I take this opportunity to pay public tribute. His Majesty's Government will, of course, continue to press for the abandonment by the German Government of the shackling now in effect.

Does the right hon. Gentleman's information lead him to believe that there has been any relaxation of this punishment of shackling in the camps of Germany, or not?

Yes, Sir; information has come to me that the method of application of this shackling has been less rigorous of late. I very much hope that we shall obtain confirmation of that.

Has the right hon. Gentleman any information as to whether this shackling is confined to Prison Camp VIIIB or whether it is general in prison camps all over Germany?

I do not think that "general" is the right word. I think it is done in VIIIB and one or two others.

Is the right hon. Gentleman aware that his statement will meet with the general approval of the British public?

Prisoners Of War (Exchange With Italy)

2.

asked the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs whether, in any negotiations now proceeding through the Red Cross officers with a view to another exchange of prisoners of war, he will put forward the name of Rifleman Clauson, No. 6845863, now a prisoner of war in Italy?

Negotiations with the Italian Government for the reciprocal repatriation of prisoners of war who are seriously ill or wounded are conducted through the Protecting Power, and not through the Red Cross. I do not know whether Rifleman Clauson has already, as provided by Article 70 of the Geneva Convention of 1929, either been selected by the medical officer of his camp for examination by the Mixed Medical Commission, or has himself made a direct request for examination, or has been presented for examination by his camp leader, either on the latter's own initiative or at the prisoner's request. If not, and if the hon. Member will be good enough to give me particulars of the serious injury or illness which in his opinion would justify examination with a view to repatriation, I will be ready to consider whether His Majesty's Government can nominate Rifleman Clauson for examination by the Commission.

May I think the right hon. Gentleman for that reply? The reason I put down this Question was that the man in question has been a prisoner of war from the very earliest stages.

Refugees (Bermuda Conference)

3.

asked the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs whether an invitation has been extended to the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics to be represented at the projected conference on refugees; and whether this invitation has been accepted?

The conversations at Bermuda on the refugee problem are between representatives of His Majesty's Government and of the United States Government only, and are of an informal and exploratory character. The answer, therefore, to the first part of the Question is in the negative, and the second part consequently does not arise.

Enemy-Occupied Countries (Restitution Of Property)

5.

asked the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs whether he is aware that, although it is the declared intention of His Majesty's Government to dispossess the German Government of all the loot acquired during the war, it will not be practicable to restore it in every case to its rightful owners; and whether he will therefore issue a warning to the inhabitants of all occupied countries that they must not count on the restoration of property seized by, or handed over to, the Germans, when victory has been achieved by the United Nations?

His Majesty's Government joined with the other Allied Governments principally concerned in making a solemn declaration on 5th January, 1943, in which they announced their intention to do their utmost to defeat the methods of dispossession practised by the enemy Governments in the occupied countries, and to reserve all their rights to declare invalid all transfers or dealings whatsoever in the occupied territories. The wording of the Declaration makes it clear that the Allied Governments are fully alive to the practical difficulties of restitution, but will, I hope, be taken as an earnest of their intention to do everything possible to effect it. I do not think that any statement such as my hon. Friend has in mind is, therefore, necessary.

Does my right hon. Friend not think that the recent pronouncement by the Lord Chancellor in another place might give the impression to the inhabitants of occupied countries that they could hand over their property to the Germans with impunity, counting with certainty on getting it back after the war; and is it not desirable to issue a warning to these people that they cannot count on getting their property back after the war?

We shall do our best to get it back for them. That, I think, is the light answer.

Spanish Republican Refugees (Transfer To South America)

6.

asked the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs whether satisfactory arrangements have been made for the transport to the South American countries willing to receive them of the Spanish Republicans and other anti-Fascists who have been, or are to be, released from internment in North Africa; and the number who have already been transferred to South America?

I understand that the Mexican Government have agreed to admit all Spanish Republican refugees in North Africa desirous of proceeding to Mexico. The necessary arrangements for the transport of these refugees are now being made as rapidly as possible, but there have not yet been any actual departures for Mexico.

Have all the men who were imprisoned or interned purely for anti-Fascist activities now been released, and will they be able, therefore, to take advantage of what facilities there are for transferring to South America?

Yes, Sir. This applies to Spanish Republican refugees. I understand that there are others.

Syria And The Lebanon (Constitutional Government)

7.

asked the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs whether he can make a statement regarding constitutional development in Syria and the Lebanon?

I am glad to say that satisfactory progress has recently been made in restoring free and constitutional government in these countries. On 24th January, the French National Committee published a communiqué expressing their intention to give effect to the independence of Syria and the Lebanon proclaimed by General Catroux in 1941, and stating that, after consultation with His Majesty's Government, they had come to the conclusion that the military situation now permitted the restoration of the constitutional régime. They, therefore, authorised General Catroux to take the necessary measures on his return to the Levant. On 18th March, General Catroux issued decrees appointing a Provisional Government in the Lebanon to hold elections, after which the new Chamber of Deputies would proceed to the election of a President of the Republic. The re-establishment of the Constitution would take effect from the day of the President's election. Similar measures for the restoration of the constitutional régime in Syria were announced by General Catroux on 25th March.

War Aims

8.

asked the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs whether he has received any official intimation that Spain is ready to use her good offices to restore world peace; and whether, in view of General Jordana's recent speech in Barcelona, he will reassert that the objective of the United Nations is the unconditional surrender of their enemies?

The answer to the first part of the question is "No, Sir." As regards General Jordana's recent speech at Barcelona, the hon. Member will no doubt have seen that Mr. Cordell Hull stated on 16th April that he could only repeat what President Roosevelt and other leaders of the United Nations had said, namely, that they were determined on the unconditional surrender of the Axis and its satellites. I am glad to have this opportunity to state that this is also the view of His Majesty's Government.

Royal Air Force

Personnel (Documents)

9.

asked the Secretary of State for Air how many airmen are without documents and have been so for one month, three months, six months and 12 months, respectively?

No airman is without documents. A record of every man's service is maintained by the R.A.F. Record Office throughout his career in the Royal Air Force. As for the administration of those documents which are required to be held by a man's unit, I have been aware of difficulties arising from the complexities of posting, particularly overseas, the loss of documents by enemy action and the dilution of experienced staff. For some time past strenuous efforts have been made to overcome these difficulties and improvement in procedure has resulted; but I am not satisfied with the present position, and further measures are being taken.

Can my right hon. Friend say whether these documents include medical history sheets?

Members' Constituents (Representations)

10.

asked the Secretary of State for Air on what grounds he has decided not to consider representations by Members of Parliament in respect of their constituents serving in the Royal Air Force unless those representations are supported by a magistrate or a minister of religion personally acquainted with the airman concerned?

Presumably my hon. Friend has in mind a recent case in which one of his constituents serving in the Royal Air Force applied to him for a statement to support an official application made on compassionate grounds, for posting to a Station near his home. Application of this kind must in the first place be submitted by an airman to his commanding officer, supported by a corroborative statement from a person of standing, such as a Member of Parliament, a minister of religion or a justice of the peace. Representations made direct to my Department by an hon. Member on behalf of an airmail for whom he cannot himself provide a corroborative statement of this kind would, of course, be carefully considered in conjunction with an application from the airman concerned submitted through the recognised official channels.

Do I understand from that answer that, when a Member of Parliament writes to the Department of the right hon. Gentleman, the Department does not take action without further representation?

No, Sir. We answer the Member's letter and suggest to him the way to take action.

Is the right hon. Gentleman aware that the War Office at once bring the machinery they have into action and make replies at once instead of imposing, as in this case, 10 days of unnecessary delay?

Really the quickest way is for a man to apply to his commanding officer.

Is the right hon. Gentleman aware that this imposes a severe limitation upon men who do not know a justice of the peace and, in many cases, do not know intimately a minister of religion who could vouch for them? Will he take steps, if this has to be done, to see that the basis is made much broader, say, to include the secretary of a friendly society or a good neighbour who might be able to speak for the man?

I will gladly look into that point and will consider very carefully whether the list could be extended.

Will the right hon. Gentleman see that Members of Parliament are protected by the usual channels being used, otherwise an avalanche will descend upon them?

Cannot these representations be made through the welfare officer of the R.A.F?

It would be very much quicker to do that through the commanding officer.

Educational Service Officers

13.

asked the Secretary of State for Air whether he is aware that the use of the term "commission," as applied to the personnel of the Royal Air Force Educational Service, is rather misleading, as these officers have to serve under civilian conditions, and do not enjoy the status and privileges of other officers; and whether he will consider extending such privileges to the members of this service?

The Royal Air Force Educational Service was, before the war, a civilian organisation. Its members now serve as unmobilised officers of the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve which enables them to wear uniform. It is convenient, for reasons of discipline, that they should do so. Their duties are, however, substantially of the same nature as in peacetime and they therefore continue to receive pay on the provincial Burnham Scale for secondary school teachers together with a special allowance to meet extra expenditure which they may incur owing to their service with the Royal Air Force. No change in these arrangements is contemplated.

Can my right hon. Friend say whether this is in accordance with the letters of invitation sent to the men before they joined, or has there been an alteration since?

No, Sir; I understand that pay conditions ate entirely in accordance with the conditions of service before the war and many have joined since the war on these conditions. So far from there being discontent with present conditions I understand there is no difficulty at all in filling vacancies.

Is it not a new status in the history of the world that in wartime a man should be invited or compelled to be an officer and yet not be a mobilised officer; and are not these officers, officers for the purpose of receiving orders and officers for no purpose of giving orders?

I do not think that that is true. This arrangement is working very well. The educational service is working well and there is no difficulty in obtaining candidates for vacancies.

Air-Sea Rescue Service Badge

14.

asked the Secretary of State for Air the reason why officers in the Special Duties Branch or in the Auxiliary and Special Duties Branch, who are masters of the Air-Sea Rescue launches and pinnaces which patrol the English Channel and elsewhere and pick up casualties and who are permanently employed in Air-Sea Rescue Service, are not entitled to wear the distinguishing badge supplied to the crews of the launches and pinnaces?

I would refer the hon. Member to the reply given to his Question on 17th March.

Does the right hon. Gentleman deny that these people really are operational and not temporary as indicated in the previous reply?

They are operational. I did not say that they are not operational but they may be transferred from one unit of the Service to another. The hon. Member suggests in his Question that they are permanently employed; they are not permanently employed in Air-Sea Rescue but may at any time be transferred.

Does the right hon. Gentleman then deny that these so-called temporary people have been occupied for years doing this work?

Owing to the unsatisfactory nature of the reply, I beg to give notice that I shall raise this matter on the Adjournment at the earliest opportunity.

Officers' Uniforms (Prices)

15.

asked the Secretary of State for Air whether the stores branch of the Royal Air Force have bought any ready-to-wear greatcoats to sell to officers under the Priority A Scheme which was introduced in May, 1941; and what is the approximate difference in price as compared with the Priority A prices in the Board of Trade Order No. 2556?

Some factory-made greatcoats have been purchased by my Department for sale to officers serving in certain Commands overseas where other sources of supply are not available. Their wholesale price is approximately 55 per cent. of the maximum price for greatcoats made of priority A cloth fixed by the Board of Trade Order No. 2556. This Order is, however, concerned with retail prices for bespoke tailoring.

While I thank the right hon. Gentleman for his reply, can he say why these young officers in this country should not have supplies of greatcoats made available to them without having to go to a middleman and pay about 40 or 50 per cent. more than the greatcoats actually cost from the wholesaler? Why cannot they get them from the quartermaster's stores?

That is a question which, as I conveyed in the concluding sentence of my answer, is under consideration; but my hon. Friend will understand that it affects all three Service Departments.

16.

asked the Secretary of State for Air whether he has been informed of the conviction of a tailor for selling to a Royal Air Force officer a ready-to-wear uniform bought from a wholesaler at £5 12s. 6d., plus Purchase Tax of 19s. 5d., for £10 12s. 6d. and failing to charge separately for the cost of certain alterations making a total of £12 1s. 6d.; and whether he will consider allowing Royal Air Force stores to buy in bulk from wholesalers uniforms which can be sold direct to officers at net cost plus a small percentage for administrative charges?

The answer to the first part of the Question is "Yes, Sir." The suggestion in the second part is already under consideration.

Aircraft, South-West Pacific

17.

asked the Secretary of State for Air whether, in view of the declaration of Mr. Curtin and General MacArthur calling for a greater supply of military aircraft for the South-West Pacific theatre of war, he has a statement to make on this matter?

No, Sir. It would not be in the public interest to make a statement on this matter at the present time.

In view of the recent statements in the U.S.A. and this country about record aircraft production, will the right hon. Gentleman bear in mind that a holding war requires aircraft reinforcements and that we have some responsibility?

Anti-Gas Measures

18.

asked the Secretary of State for Air whether, in view of the possibility of poison gas being used against this country by the enemy, he can give an assurance that all branches of the Royal Air Force have fully-trained anti-gas personnel; and whether he has confidence in their ability to carry out anti-gas measures efficiently in the event of such attacks?

Officers' Allowances

19.

asked the Secretary of State for Air whether any decision has been reached regarding the allowances paid to officers required to live in mess for operational purposes?

As the question of officers' allowances is a complicated one, the reply must necessarily be somewhat lengthy, and I propose, with the hon. Member's permission, to circulate it in the OFFICIAL REPORT.

Following is the reply:

A married officer who resides with his family is paid allowances known as lodging, fuel, light and furniture allowances which are intended to cover the cost of providing furnished accommodation for himself and his family. If, however, on account of the exigencies of the Service (which term covers the requirements of operations) he is required to live in mess he receives, instead of the allowances referred to above, a consolidated allowance which, except for officers in the lower ranks, is less than the total of the other allowances; at the same time the officer himself is provided with furnished accommodation and services in the mess. The full allowances in respect of the family, may, however, be continued for a period not exceeding 91 days after separation if during that period the family remain in the same accommodation as they occupied before the separation.

Formerly the consolidated allowance was lower for all ranks than the total of the lodging, fuel, light and furniture allowances, but in view of representations received to the effect that the reduction in allowances on separation bore hardly on the officers concerned, particularly on those in the junior ranks, the consolidated allowances for the junior ranks were revised with effect from 1st October, 1942. The effect of the revision was to make the consolidated allowances for flying officers and pilot officers equal to the aggregate of the allowances payable to non-separated officers of those ranks. As from the same date the difference between consolidated allowance and the aggregate of the other allowances in the ranks of flight lieutenant and squadron leader was reduced to 1s. 5d. and 1s. 6d. a day respectively.

The above information relates to officers commissioned before 1st January, 1942. For all officers commissioned on or after that date the difference between the non-separated and the separated rate of allowance is 1s. a day. The question whether, for officers required to live in mess for operational purposes, any further revision of allowances is called for has been very carefully considered but the decision reached, for the time being, is that no further change should be made.

British Overseas Airways Corporation (Chief Executive Member)

12.

asked the Secretary of State for Air what remuneration has been paid to the chief executive member of British Overseas Airways Corporation?

The chief executive member of the British Overseas Airways Corporation, who recently resigned, received no remuneration as a member of the Corporation. I am not in a position to say what his remuneration was as chief executive as this was a matter for the Corporation to determine in accordance with the provisions of the British Overseas Airways Act, 1939.

Is not the Minister entitled to know the salaries of the officers of British Overseas Airways Corporation and other information connected with it?

No, Sir. I have told the House before that management was to be left to the Corporation, and payment of the staff is essentially a matter for the management.

Post-War Civil Aviation

20.

asked the Minister of Aircraft Production whether he will consider arranging for the exchanging of information of a technical character in the design, development and research of post-war civil aircraft between the United Nations, in the same way that inventions and ideas are exchanged in the field of military aircraft for joint war production?

I will certainly bear the hon. Member's suggestion in mind.

Will the right hon. and learned Gentleman also bear in mind the generalisation in his recent speeches referring to international co-operation—that it cannot be achieved unless the foundations are laid now, and that the way to this is contained in the Question?

Ministry Of Information

Invitations To Broadcast (Ministers And Members)

21.

asked the Minister of Information whether it is the practice of his Ministry to confirm or veto invitations to broadcast issued by the British Broadcasting Corporation to Ministers or other Members of Parliament?

proceeded to read the answer to a subsequent Question.

On a point of Order. I did say "No. 21." I will postpone Question No. 21 if the right hon. Gentleman has not the answer with him.

I have the answer, but there has been a muddle. If the House will allow me, I will answer Questions 22 and 23 together if the hon. Member for Maldon (Mr. Driberg) will postpone Question No. 21.

I will postpone Question 21, but I do not think Questions 22 and 23 can be answered together.

Broadcasts (Ministerial Participation)

22.

asked the Minister of Information the policy of the British Broadcasting Corporation with reference to the employment of members of the Government as participants in such entertainment and educational features as the Brains Trust?

Use of the broadcast for Ministerial utterances is arranged between the Prime Minister and his colleagues. In practice the Prime Minister is consulted in all cases of political importance. Entertainment features stand in a different category, but it is unlikely that Ministerial participation in the Brains Trust discussions will be resumed.

While I appreciate the valuable contributions made by those Ministers who have done this work, is the Minister aware that there is a strong body of opinion which feels that it is inconsistent with the position of Ministers to participate in engagements of this kind? Will he give consideration to the question of dropping the practice?

I have said it is unlikely that Ministerial participation in the Brains Trust discussions will be resumed.

Service Departments (Public Relations)

23.

asked the Minister of Information whether he has considered the Fourth Report from the Select Committee on National Expenditure on Public Relations Branches of Service Departments; and whether it is proposed to give effect to any of the Committee's recommendations, in particular, those numbered 1, 2 and 9 in the summary?

Yes, Sir. I have read this Report. The public relations officers of the Service Departments are appointed by and responsible to their own Ministers, and I do not control their activities. With regard to recommendation (9) of the Select Committee's Report, I am in favour of this proposal and will discuss it with my right hon. Friend the President of the Board of Education.

Whatever streamlining of these services may be considered desirable, will the right hon. Gentleman bear in mind that some of the best news stories of this war have been produced by ordinary civilian journalists who have been given facilities by the Service Departments? Will he impress upon his colleagues the necessity of spreading these facilities as widely as possible?

I entirely agree with the hon. Gentleman's remarks about the work of civilian journalists, and I do not think any of my colleagues doubt the validity of the point he has just put to me.

Continental Press

24.

asked the Minister of Information whether there are available to officials a regular analysis and synopsis of the Continental Press; and, if so, whether they can be made regularly and easily available to Members and to journalists?

Digests of the Continental Press are made available to newspapers so far as economy permits. I will gladly arrange for copies to be placed in the Library.

26.

asked the Minister of Information whether he will arrange with the British Broadcasting Corporation for a weekly broadcast on the Home Service designed to keep our public informed about movements of public opinion in the Continental Press?

Quotations from the Continental Press are from time to time included in B.B.C. bulletins, but I doubt whether a special weekly feature could be justified. There are already a great many calls on the time at the B.B.C.'s disposal, and the Corporation has not the staff necessary to undertake the vast additional task of summarising the Continental Press.

27.

asked the Minister of Information whether he will issue as a White Paper extracts from the most striking and characteristic articles in the Swedish and Turkish Press of the last four months?

I regret I cannot accept my hon. and gallant Friend's suggestion. There are 130 daily papers in Sweden and 113 papers in Turkey. Therefore, even if one considered Press extracts to be suitable material for a White Paper, I should hestitate to have such a bulky document compiled as my hon. and gallant Friend desires.

Overseas Broadcasts

25.

asked the Minister of Information whether he will endeavour to facilitate the following by Members of the main lines of our overseas broadcasts by regularly placing in the Library samples, synopses and directives?

During every month the B.B.C. transmit thousands of overseas broadcasts. If they were to attempt the labour of selecting samples or making synopses of these broadcasts they would have to make considerable additions to their staff. May I remind my hon. and gallant Friend that Members of this House have often suggested to me that the staff of the B.B.C. should be reduced? And so if I were to attempt to make the increase suggested by my hon. and gallant Friend I doubt if I should obtain the approval of the House.

28.

asked the Minister of Information whether, before authorising the repeated exposition of the Beveridge Report on overseas broadcast programmes, he considered the risk of giving the impression of excessive preoccupation with our own standards of comfort and also the disadvantage to our cause of any risk we should be thought more interested in social reform than in questions of strategy and frontiers?

Yes, Sir. But as continual publicity was given at the same time to the strategic results of the Allied landings in North Africa and to General Montgomery's triumphal progress along the shores of Libya, the hypothetical risks which my hon. Friend has in mind did not arise.

Is the questioner in favour of discussing the second front instead of the Beveridge Report?

Is it not misleading to suggest that a minimum standard of subsistence is equivalent to a standard of comfort?

British Information Services, United States

29.

asked the Minister of Information the total number of the personnel of the British Information Service in America?

The total staff of the British Information Services in America numbers 357, of which 91 are administrative or technical officers. The remaining staff is made up of Press clippers, junior assistants, clerks, typists, messengers, office boys, etc.

30.

asked the Minister of Information how many of the personnel of the British Information Service in America have been editors of national daily papers?

I assume that when the hon. and gallant Gentleman mentions national daily papers he means papers which circulate in every part of a country on the same day. As there are no such newspapers in the United States, the British Information Services do not stand in need of what he calls editors of national daily papers, and possess none.

I thought it would be quite obvious that I was referring to national papers in this country.

I did not gather that from the Question, but in any case I do not think it matters very much to the answer. It still stands.

31.

asked the Minister of Information why the British Information Service in the United States of America did not have the text of the Home Secretary's speech of 3rd April on post-war planning until several days after that speech had been made?

The hon. and gallant Member may recall that the Home Secretary made three important speeches on post-war affairs. He supplied the M.O.I. with advance copies of these speeches which were transmitted to the United States. My right hon. Friend did not supply the Ministry with a copy of the speech which he made in Yorkshire and which dealt with the future of the Labour Party. Doubtless the Home Secretary felt that a speech dealing with a matter of party politics should not be transmitted abroad at the expense of the taxpayers.

Is the Minister aware that the criticism in my Question was made by Mr. Raymond Gram Swing in a cabled article to the "Sunday Express" last Sunday, entitled "Tell America more about the British," and does he adhere to his recent statement that Mr. Raymond Gram Swing considers our information services to be "just right"?

Will the Minister use his good offices to ensure that in future any speech by any Minister, including a Labour Minister, on the future of the Labour Party will be submitted to the Labour Party?

It would be regarded as a great act of impudence if I interfered in the domestic affairs of the Labour Party.

Will the right hon. Gentleman bear in mind what I have said the next time he makes one of his restrained, statesmanlike speeches?

House Of Commons Chamber (Lighting)

32.

asked the Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Works whether he is aware of the ill-effects of the exclusion of daylight from this Chamber; and whether he will provide it, until the Summer Recess, with some glass or glass-substitute windows?

I would refer my hon. Friend to the reply which I gave on 17th February to the hon. Member for South East St. Pancras (Sir A. Beit). As I have explained in this and previous replies on this subject, absorbent tiles have been fixed in the windows, on the recommendation of the National Physical Laboratory, for the specific purpose of improving the acoustics on the Floor of the Chamber and their replacement by glass or glass substitute would most seriously affect acoustical conditions in the Chamber.

Could not absorbent tiles be fixed somewhere else than in the windows?

That matter was very extensively considered by the National Physical Laboratory. It was not considered possible to fix them in any other place in the Chamber, and that is the reason they were put in the windows.

If hon. Members would speak up, could we not have some windows facing West fitted with glass, rather than dwell in this constant gloom?

It is very difficult, in an answer to a Question, to deal with the examination of the acoustics of the Chamber and the problem of making every hon. Member audible. The putting in of another ceiling was considered to be the only effective way of giving the Chamber the acoustic properties we would have liked, but that was a physical impossibility, and the fitting of absorbent tiles into the windows was the next best thing. This has contributed towards improving the acoustics. Unfortunately, not everybody speaks as clearly and as plainly as the hon. Member.

Royal Navy

Anti-U-Boat Warfare

34.

asked the First Lord of the Admiralty whether, in view of the contradictory statements made in this country and the United States of America on the progress of anti-U-boat warfare, he will take steps to see that the statements are co-ordinated in the future?

As I informed my hon. Friend the Member for Seaham (Mr. Shinwell) on 10th February, we keep in touch with the American authorities with regard to policy in relation to statements about anti-U-boat warfare. There are, however, obvious difficulties of a practical nature in the way of complete uniformity from day to day.

Is my right hon. Friend aware that on 25th March the Prime Minister made in the House a reassuring statement on the subject of the sinkings in March, whereas only a few days later Colonel Knox, in America, said that March was much worse than February, and that the position was very serious? How does my right hon. Friend reconcile those two statements?

There was no real difference between the statement of the Prime Minister and that of Colonel Knox.

Pack Drill

35.

asked the First Lord of the Admiralty whether, in view of the fact that pack drill is not allowed in the Navy, he will make it known to all commanding officers of shore establishments and ships at present using this form of punishment that it must cease?

36.

asked the First Lord of the Admiralty whether he is aware that naval ratings undergoing No. 11 punishment are compelled to drill at the double for long periods with a rifle and a pack containing 60 pounds of sand; and will he take steps to abolish this method of dealing with men who, in most cases, have committed a minor offence?

I am grateful to my hon. Friends for raising this matter. The answer which I gave to the hon. Member for Whitechapel (Mr. Edwards) on Wednesday, 7th April, was correct according to what we believed was the universal practice under the regulations. It has since come to notice that in a few cases drill in full marching order has been carried out and that there have been occasions on which sand has been substituted for Service equipment in the knapsack. In the opinion of the Board of Admiralty this is thoroughly undesirable, and when we learnt of it orders were immediately given that it should cease forthwith. In future any drill of this kind will only be carried out in drill order which, for Naval ratings, is web belt, side arms, gaiters and rifle.

Is my right hon. Friend aware of the great satisfaction his reply will give to the men in the Navy; and will he look into the position of the officers who have been concerned in the matter of this unnecessary punishment with a view to having them transferred to other posts?

Of course, full inquiries have been made in each case. I would not like to give an undertaking of the sort which my hon. Friend desires, but I can say that there may be cases where there has been a genuine misinterpretation of the Regulation, and I hope that any misunderstanding will now be completely removed.

Officers' Pay

37.

asked the First Lord of the Admiralty whether officers of lieutenant-commander rank and above have received any increase in their basic rate of pay since the commencement of the war; and, if not, the date on which their pay was fixed at the present level?

The answer to the first part of the Question is in the negative. For lieutenant-commanders, commanders and captains, the present rates of pay were fixed in 1938, when additional increments at nine and twelve years' seniority for lieutenant-commanders and at twelve years' seniority for commanders were introduced. For higher ranks the rates were fixed in 1934.

Is my right hon. Friend aware that since the pay of these officers was stabilised there has been a very large increase in the cost of living, and does he not consider that the time has come when the whole situation should be reviewed?

There have been certain adjustments; for example, in the case of the marriage allowance; but the question of dealing with officers of this rank and upwards is one that is not confined to the Navy, but one which would have to be dealt with in common with the other Services.

Is my right hon. Friend aware that the method by which the marriage allowance was introduced did in fact cause a 2s. a day reduction in the pay of the officers in question?

The marriage allowance is not subject to taxation and that, of course, in these days of high taxation, means some advantage to the officers.

Will my right hon. Friend undertake to discuss this matter with the other Services?

Kenya

Food Shortage (Commission Of Inquiry)

38.

asked the Secretary of State for the Colonies the terms of reference of the Commission which has been set up to inquire into the causes which have led to serious food shortage in Kenya; and whether special attention will be paid to the situation in native areas?

The terms of reference of the Commission are:—

"To inquire into the present food shortage with a view to ascertaining and reporting on the causes thereof, and to make recommendations to prevent recurrence.
"To inquire into the system of control of maize, which has been in operation since 1st July, 1942, and to report whether it has been administered efficiently and in the best interests of the country."
I have no doubt that in connection with any recommendations which the Commission may make to prevent a recurrence of the food shortage full attention will be paid both to consumption needs and production potentialities of native areas.

I presume so. The hon. Gentleman will realise that the Commission was set up by the Governor of Kenya.

May we assume that meanwhile energetic action is being taken to meet the grave food shortage that exists?

Most energetic action has been taken, and I would like to express thanks to my colleagues the Minister of Food and the Minister of War Transport for all they have done in this matter.

Legislative Bodies (Natives)

44.

asked the Secretary of State for the Colonies whether further consideration has been given to the question of African representation in the legislative bodies of Kenya?

A recent departure in the policy of associating Africans more closely with the central Government in Kenya has been the establishment of a Standing Advisory Committee on Local Native Councils on which Africans are in the majority. The two European members of the Legislative Council who represent African interests are members of this Committee; and in order that they may be in close touch with local Native Councils in the Provinces, are also invited to attend the half-yearly meetings of delegates from Local Native Councils, which are now a regular feature in the Nyanza and Central Provinces.

Cannot something be done to give greater African representation, direct or indirect, on the legislative bodies themselves?

Does not the right hon. and gallant Gentleman consider it highly desirable that the Africans themselves should be appointed or elected to represent native interests on the Legislative Councils, and is he taking steps to have Africans so elected?

Jamaica

People's National Party

39.

asked the Secretary of State for the Colonies whether, in view of the unconditional release of the four detained trade unionists in Jamaica, he will now consider removing restrictions as to political activities which have been placed on certain other members of the People's National Party?

The Governor of Jamaica has reported that he revoked the restriction orders against these men on 22nd March.

Will the right hon. and gallant Gentleman give a hint in that direction that this interference with the legal political activities of these people should cease?

No, Sir, most certainly not. I said to the House that I thought the Governor's action was justified at the time. The circumstances have now changed, and rightly he has decided to take off these restrictions.

Kerosene Supplies

62.

asked the Secretary of State for the Colonies whether he is aware of the acute shortage of kerosene for domestic lighting in Jamaica; that kerosene is the only means of artificial lighting for great sections of the people in Jamaica; that in many of the poorer districts the people have been without any kerosene for many months; and can be make a statement as to the supply, distribution and price of kerosene in the rural areas of Jamaica?

I am aware of the hardships which have been caused by the reduction of supplies of kerosene to Jamaica. A similar reduction has been imposed upon all the Caribbean territories on account of shipping difficulties. I have no information as to the supply, distribution and price of kerosene in the rural areas of Jamaica, but I am asking the Governor to furnish me with a report.

Have the local Government taken any steps to ration the supply of kerosene?

I know that they have been taking steps, and it is that I am trying to find out from them.

Banana And Coconut Workers (Wages)

64.

asked the Secretary of State for the Colonies how long the strike of banana and coconut estate workers in the parish of St. Thomas, Jamaica, which began towards the end of January, continued; and whether the demands of the workers for an increase in wages, based on the cost of living index, have been granted?

The Governor has reported that the strike on banana and coconut plantations in St. Thomas was settled after a seven weeks' stoppage by a Government board of inquiry which succeeded in securing an agreement between the Farmers' Association and the Bustamante Industrial Trade Union resulting in most cases in wages increases.

In view of the fact that the sugar workers have received an advance, could not these people have had the same?

Colonial Empire

War Contributions And Loans

40.

asked the Secretary of State for the Colonies to what extent the Colonial Empire has made financial contributions towards the prosecution of the war; and whether these sums have been subscribed with the willing assent of the peoples concerned?

Apart from the contributions made by some Colonial Governments towards the cost of their local military forces, the contributions from the Colonial Empire towards the prosecution of the war now total over £23,000,000. In addition loans have been made to His Majesty's Government free of interest by Colonial Governments and private individuals totalling nearly £8,000,000. Colonial Governments are also paying interest on further loans raised locally by public subscriptions, the proceeds of which have also been lent to His Majesty's Government free of interest. In all cases the sums have been subscribed with the willing assent of the peoples concerned.

Will those sums be taken into consideration when any funds are allocated to the Colonies under the Colonial Welfare Development Act?

Service Volunteers

41.

asked the Secretary of State for the Colonies whether he can inform the House as to the approximate number of volunteers to the British Armed Forces which have been provided by the Colonial Empire; and in what theatres of war they are serving?

The hon. and gallant Member will of course appreciate that for security reasons it is not possible to give figures, but I can assure him that the total is a most impressive one. Personnel from the Colonial Empire are serving on every front.

Do not these two replies show the loyalty and affection of Colonial people as a whole for the British people?

Palestine

Jewish Children From Bulgaria (Transport)

42.

asked the Secretary of State for the Colonies whether he has anything to report concerning the progress made in transporting the 4,000 children and 500 accompanying adults from Bulgaria, for whom admission to Palestine was promised on 3rd February?

Progress has been impeded by formidable obstacles in the way of the provision of the necessary transport. I am glad to say, however, that there is now some prospect of an early solution of certain of these difficulties.

Seeing that it is three months since the transfer of these children was promised, cannot the matter be speeded up, as the situation in Bulgaria is deteriorating? Have any of these children actually started?

Certainly none have arrived. The hon. Lady will appreciate the difficulties. We realise the necessity for great urgency, but the House will realise that a great part of these matters lies entirely outside the control of the Government and depends on difficult negotiations with other parties.

Crusader Castle, Athlit (Repair)

43.

asked the Secretary of State for the Colonies whether he has now received an answer from the Palestine Government regarding the proposal to repair the Crusader castle of Athlit with labour from the neighbouring internment camps?

I have received a reply from the Palestine Government regarding my hon. Friend's suggestion. I understand that there are at present no internees in Athlit Camp. Moreover, even if internee labour were available, repairs to the castle at Athlit would be a highly technical operation which could only be undertaken under the personal supervision of an architect with special experience of the restoration of ancient monuments. No such expert is available in Palestine. Consideration will, however, be given to the employment on some other suitable work of any person who may, in future, be detained in the camp.

Is it a fact that the French Government in Syria and the British Government in Cyprus, and even the Italians at Rome, have done wonderful work in restoring Crusader castles? Is it not a reflection on the Palestine Government that every Crusader castle in our territory has been left entirely derelict?

I should like to see all the work done that is possible, but I think my hon. Friend will agree that it would be a bad thing to intern people in order that they should work on these castles.

Coal Output (Prime Minister's Appeal)

45.

asked the Prime Minister whether, in view of the importance of stimulating still further the production of coal, he will investigate the possibility of now making available to the country the text of his speech to the miners' delegation last year, or, alternatively, whether he can arrange for another appeal to be broadcast or made publicly on those lines?

Yes, Sir, the text of the speeches made on that occasion will now be made available for publication. As regards the second part of my hon. Friend's Question, I will bear his suggestion in mind, but such conferences would lose their value if held frequently.

Is the right hon. Gentleman aware that the condition of the mines, owing to the strain and stress of constant working, has had this effect? It is not because the men are not doing their best.

Royal Air Force Jubilee (Names Of Pioneers)

46.

asked the Prime Minister whether, in view of the fact that in several talks on the British Broadcasting Corporation and articles in the Press in connection with the 25th anniversary of the formation of the Royal Air Force, the name of the right hon. and gallant Member for the Central Division of Nottingham (Major-General Sir F. Sykes) was omitted, he can, in the interests of historic truth, give the names, with dates, of appointments of the principal officers concerned in creating the Royal Flying Corps, the Royal Naval Air Service and those who were chiefs of staff in building up the Royal Air Force when the two services were amalgamated in 1918?

The names and appointments of the officers associated with the creation of the Services referred to have already been published in full detail in the Official History of the War, and further publication at this stage in the OFFICIAL REPORT would hardly be warranted. None of the broadcasts or articles connected with the R.A.F. Jubilee purported to give the names of all these officers, but the name of the right hon. and gallant Member for Central Nottingham, who was one of the most distinguished of the early pioneers, was in fact mentioned both on the air and in print.

Trade Disputes Act

47.

asked the Prime Minister whether he can give a full report on the consultations that have taken place between representative people over the Trade Unions and Trade Disputes Act; and what action it is proposed to take?

The Government cannot make themselves responsible for reporting to the House upon discussions of this character.

In view of the action taken indirectly by the Government, can the Prime Minister state the Government's intentions with a view to dealing with the matter?

I certainly could not make a statement on Government policy in reply to a supplementary on a matter which raises many large, far-reaching, and even delicate issues.

In view of the way this has been handled, can the Prime Minister give an assurance that consideration will be given to the matter by the Government?

Consideration is always given by the Government to every matter, especially to those which seem to have a bearing on the general march of national cohesion and unity.

Are we to understand that legislation on the subject would be non-contentious?

British Broadcasting Corporation (Parliamentary Questions)

48.

asked the Prime Minister whether it is intended to make arrangements to enable Governors of the British Broadcasting Corporation to answer Questions in the House of Commons for that part of the activities of the British Broadcasting Corporation over which the Minister of Information has no control in the same way that the Forestry and Charity Commissioners reply for their respective Departments?

No, Sir. The present arrangements enable Parliament to be informed as to any matters of general policy affecting the British Broadcasting Corporation; but it has never been contemplated that matters affecting the day-to-day administration of the Corporation should be the subject of Question and Answer in the House. There is no analogy with the Forestry Commission and the Charity Commission, which are Government Departments.

Is the right hon. Gentleman aware that it is the growing practice for the Minister of Information and the Governors of the B.B.C. to speak for that Corporation in the House? Would he consider setting up a Select Committee to consider the whole future of State broadcasting?

Will the Prime Minister bear in mind that under the present altered arrangements the B.B.C. draws its finances through Government Departments and therefore the House is responsible for such expenditure, which was not formerly the case?

There are a great many public bodies and corporations which are directly or indirectly supplied by moneys under the control of Parliament which do not have Ministerial representatives.

In view of the statement yesterday by Sir Alan Powell, one of the Governors, on the future of the B.B.C. will the right hon. Gentleman give an assurance that this close Government control of the B.B.C. will go after the war?

Food Supplies

Poultry And Rabbits

52.

asked the Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Food whether, in view of the success with which his Department has controlled the distribution of imported poultry and rabbits and of the marked economy in man-power and transport thereby effected, he will now reconsider his decision not to introduce a scheme for the controlled distribution of home-produced supplies?

My hon. Friend will appreciate that the control of imported supplies of poultry and rabbits is a much simpler matter than the control of home-produced supplies which reach the market from a great number of individual producers. Nevertheless this matter has received most careful consideration. My Noble Friend has however reached the conclusion that, in view of the small total quantity of food involved and the limited man-power now available for new schemes of this kind, he would not be justified in proceeding along the lines of my hon. Friend's suggestion.

Is the hon. Gentleman not aware that his Department has set up a most elaborate and efficient organisation to collect eggs? Cannot the same machine collect trapped rabbits and newly killed poultry and distribute them in the same way that they distribute the eggs? Is there any difficulty?

We examined that and came to the conclusion that an organisation to perform those functions would be most costly and could not be linked up with the egg scheme.

Is the hon. Gentleman aware that the egg collecting scheme is very inefficient?

Does not the hon. Gentleman realise that the absence of any control or organisation is leading to a gigantic black market?

I would not say that, in so far as improper sales are made, they are connected with this aspect of the matter.

Funerals (Rationed Foods)

54.

asked the Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Food whether his attention has been drawn to the fact that, while small allocations of rationed foodstuffs are made for weddings, none is made for funerals, and that this pressed very hardly upon the people of a certain South-Eastern town which was recently heavily bombed, where relatives came from a distance to attend funerals and no provision whatever could be made for them; and if he will reconsider the matter?

No, Sir, my Noble Friend does not feel he would be justified in undertaking to provide special issues of rationed foods in the circumstances suggested by my hon. Friend.

Is it not possible for the Minister of Food to take a rather more human point of view in the matter? When you get badly blitzed towns and many people coming to attend funerals can no provision be made for them? Are they not quite as important as weddings?

I have examined the case to which the hon. Member referred and I understand that there had been no single application for any additional food, as he suggests.

Soft Drinks Industry

55.

asked the Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Food whether, in the concentration of the soft drinks industry, he will ensure that a proportion of the members of the totally closed firms are appointed to the committee?

I would refer my hon. and gallant Friend to the answers which I gave on this subject to the hon. Member for Putney (Mr. Linstead) and the hon. Member for South-East St. Pancras (Sir A. Beit) on 24th February and 3rd March respectively.

56.

asked the Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Food whether he will ensure that the committee of the Soft Drinks War Time Association is elected by secret ballot, on the basis of one firm one vote?

My Noble Friend has received proposals for the reconstitution of the committee submitted in accordance with the articles of association of the War Time Association. He is considering these proposals together with the representations which he has received from the recognised trade associations in the industry and otherwise, and his decision will be given in due course.

Is my hon. Friend aware that if on the committee, which is deciding the manner in which this industry is to be carried on, suggestions are put forward by the big men, will it not give the small men no chance of having their voices heard or their businesses saved after the war?

My hon. Friend can rely on my Noble Friend preventing anything of that kind happening.

Retailers (Registration)

57.

asked the Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Food whether he will consider putting in hand the compilation of a register of food traders who have withdrawn from trade since the war began, or who may be forced to withdraw before the war is over, along the lines of the register that is being compiled of traders in non-food trades?

Information is already available in local food offices about food retailers who have terminated their business activities during the war. It is not, therefore, necessary to compile a register such as my hon. Friend suggests. Food retailers and caterers will, however, be in the same position as retailers whose names are included in the non-food traders' register.

Aged People (Rations)

58.

asked the Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Food whether he is aware of the demand from all parts of the country for the granting of a small increase in the ration allowances of tea and sugar to people of 70 years of age and over who are living alone, who ask for little other foods, many having neither the health nor strength to go to British Restaurants and could not in any event afford it; and will he reconsider the decision and grant an extra ration in these special cases?

I regret I have nothing to add to the answer I gave to a similar Question by the hon. Member on 14th April.

Is my hon. Friend aware that these old folk, after they have made their tea, stew it and boil it, and carry out the process over and over again so long as they can at least have the colour and flavour of tea; and in view of the fact that that is bad for them will he reconsider the question?

Should not people living under these conditions be considered rather separately?

As I said last week, this matter has been given careful consideration, and since last week it has been considered again by my Noble Friend. There are, as hon. Members will appreciate, many difficulties in the way. It is, for example, difficult to see why the claim should be limited to people over 70 who live alone.

Sugar Fraud (Barking)

59.

asked the Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Food whether he can now give any information in connection with the sugar rationing fraud at Barking; whether he is aware that over 50 tons of sugar had been wrongfully set free on the market by the wrongful use of permits; how many people were involved in the charge; and whether he has seen the comments made by the Recorder who tried the case?

As the answer is long, I will, with my hon. Friend's permission, circulate it in the OFFICIAL REPORT.

Following is the answer:

Leonard Dewdney Blake, former food executive officer of Barking, was indicted at the Central Criminal Court by the Director of Public Prosecutions with Alfred Henry Mann, director of a firm of wholesale grocers, and Arthur Spooner, William John Gibson, Douglas Glover and Millicent Abrahams, retail grocers, for conspiring to use documents (sugar permits) issued for the purposes of the Sugar (Control) Orders of 1940 and 1942, and the Rationing Order, 1939, with intent to deceive. Blake, Mann and Spooner were each sentenced to three years' penal servitude and Mann was ordered to pay £100 costs. Gibson was sentenced to nine months' imprisonment, while Glover was fined £200 and ordered to pay £50 costs. No evidence was offered against Abrahams, who was discharged. In addition William Arthur Larkin, Cornelius Almeroth, Bernard Benning and Margaret McIntosh, traders in sweets and confectionery were indicted for obtaining and supplying sugar without permits. Larkin was convicted and fined £200 and ordered to pay £50 costs. No evidence was offered against the other defendants, who were discharged. The case for the prosecution was that over 50 tons of sugar were improperly obtained as a result of the conspiracy. I have seen the comments made by the Recorder on the case.

Northern Rhodesia (Housing, Railway Servants)

60.

asked the Secretary of State for the Colonies whether the Government of Northern Rhodesia it taking any vigorous action in regard to the bad housing conditions of workers on the Rhodesian railway?

Comprehensive proposals for improving the housing of railway servants were submitted by Rhodesia Railways, Limited, towards the end of last year. In notifying these proposals for my information, the Governor indicated that he was fully aware of the importance of implementing at an early date the proposals for African housing, but I have no information as to the actual progress made with construction to date.

Will the right hon. and gallant Gentleman bring pressure to bear on the local Government, because housing conditions are perfectly disgraceful and the subject of a great deal of local comment?

As I have said, I do not know whether the work is proceeding, and I do not want to bring pressure if it is.

Trinidad (Housing)

61.

asked the Secretary of State for the Colonies whether he is aware of the serious housing problem which prevails in Trinidad; whether any vigorous action is being taken to meet it; whether any attempt is being made to use valuable local building materials; and to what extent existing building restrictions will be relaxed?

I recently asked the Governor for a report on housing, which I am still awaiting. I am asking the Governor to include in his report information as to the use which is being made of local building material.

British Guiana (Labourers, United States Naval Base)

63.

asked the Secretary of State for the Colonies whether he has any information regarding the recent launch disaster on the Demerara River, British Guiana, when a number of labourers working on the United States naval base there were drowned; whether he is aware of the renewed dissatisfaction of the native labourers working on the United States air base regarding rates of wages and conditions; and whether any negotiations are taking place regarding these?

Business Of The House

May I ask the Leader of the House to state the Business after the Recess?