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Mr. Day
To ask the President of the Board of Trade what was the United Kingdom's research spending from 1980 to 1990 as a percentage of gross domestic product; and what were the corresponding figures for the EC average and for the USA and Japan.
Mr. Leigh
The available data are as follows:
| Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) as a percentage of GDP | ||||
| UK | EC average | USA | Japan | |
| 1980 | — | — | 2·39 | 2·00 |
| 1981 | 2·41 | 1·73 | 2·45 | 2·13 |
| 1982 | — | 1·77 | 2·62 | 2·22 |
| 1983 | 2·25 | 1·78 | 2·71 | 2·35 |
| 1984 | — | 1·81 | 2·78 | 2·43 |
| 1985 | 2·31 | 1·91 | 2·93 | 2·58 |
| 1986 | 2·34 | 1·93 | 2·91 | 2·56 |
| 1987 | 2·25 | 1·97 | 2·87 | 2·63 |
| 1988 | 2·23 | 1·97 | 2·83 | 2·67 |
| 1989 | 2·27 | 2·00 | 2·82 | 2·80 |
| 1990 | 2·21 | 2·01 | 2·80 | 2·88 |
Source: OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators.