To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Skills what proportion of students completed a gap year before entering higher education in each year since 1990 in (a) each local education authority and (b) England. [122979]
The available information comes from the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) and covers deferred entry for full-time accepted applicants to first degree and HND study in the UK. Figures are in the table. Students who defer their application to UCAS because they are taking a gap year are therefore excluded.
Proportion of English domiciled accepted applicants deferring entry to full-time degree and HND courses, by LEA—Entry in autumn 1994 to autumn 2002
| |||||||||
Percentage
| |||||||||
Year of entry
| |||||||||
LEA
| 1994
| 1995
| 1996
| 1997
| 1998
| 1999 | 2000
| 2001
| 2002
|
| Avon1 | 7.8 | 8.7 | 10.1 | 6.7 | — | — | —
| —
| — |
| Barking | 2.8 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 6.1 | 5.5 |
| Barnet | 10.3 | 11.4 | 8.8 | 11.1 | 9.8 | 10.7 | 11.7 | 12.4 | 10.3 |
| Barnsley | 1.8 | 1.5 | 3.8 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 3.9 | 3.0 | 4.1 | 4.0 |
| Bath and NE Somerset1 | — | — | — | 12.6 | 12.0 | 12.5 | 13.0 | 19.3 | 18.2 |
| Bedfordshire1 | 4.9 | 6.1 | 5.6 | 6.3 | 8.5 | 7.9 | 9.4 | 9.1 | 9.2 |
| Berkshire1 | 8.4 | 8.9 | 9.0 | 8.9 | 8.0 | — | — | — | — |
| Bexley | 2.4 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 5.4 | 4.1 | 5.6 |
| Birmingham | 4.0 | 3.9 | 5.1 | 4.3 | 5.4 | 4.6 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 6.0 |
| Blackburn with Darwen1 | — | — | — | — | 3.2 | 4.1 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 3.9 |
| Blackpool1 | — | — | — | — | 3.4 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 3.3 |
| Bolton | 2.1 | 2.3 | 3.8 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 3.8 | 4.9 | 5.2 |
| Bournemouth1 | — | — | — | 6.9 | 9.2 | 6.6 | 10.2 | 11.7 | 9.1 |
| Bracknell Forest1 | — | — | — | — | 11.8 | 9.1 | 8.6 | 9.7 | 8.8 |
| Bradford | 3.4 | 3.8 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.9 | 5.6 |
| Brent | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 4.6 |
| Brighton and Hove1 | — | — | — | 9.9 | 8.0 | 10.0 | 10.2 | 12.4 | 14.0 |
| Bristol, City of1 | — | — | — | 10.8 | 11.2 | 12.7 | 13.4 | 15.4 | 17.6 |
| Bromley | 6.8 | 5.5 | 8.3 | 7.7 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 10.4 | 11.1 | 10.6 |
| Buckinghamshire1 | 8.0 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 11.8 | 11.6 | 11.3 | 12.9 | 14.8 | 13.9 |
| Bury | 3.6 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 5.2 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 5.4 | 6.5 | 6.4 |
| Calderdale | 2.2 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 7.3 | 6.3 |
| Cambridgeshire1 | 9.4 | 9.8 | 11.1 | 9.6 | 12.5 | 11.8 | 12.9 | 13.1 | 14.1 |
| Camden | 9.9 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 9.1 | 8.4 | 9.9 | 8.7 | 10.0 | 9.6 |
| Cheshire1 | 3.4 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 7.1 | 7.8 | 8.3 |
| City of London2 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Cleveland1 | 2.8 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 2.2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Cornwall (inc. Isles of Scilly) | 6.3 | 6.6 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 8.8 | 8.3 | 9.3 | 10.2 | 10.7 |
| Coventry | 3.2 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.8 | 5.0 | 5.3 |
| Croydon | 5.6 | 5.7 | 7.3 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 7.1 |
| Cumbria | 5.5 | 5.8 | 7.8 | 5.7 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 8.7 | 9.5 | 9.4 |
| Darlington1 | — | — | — | 3.2 | 4.6 | 6.3 | 4.4 | 6.5 | 5.7 |
| Derby1 | — | — | — | 4.5 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 5.7 | 6.6 | 5.2 |
| Derbyshire1 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 7.6 | 6.6 |
| Devon1 | 7.9 | 9.3 | 9.8 | 10.3 | 12.2 | 13.4 | 13.7 | 16.3 | 15.9 |
| Doncaster | 2.0 | 3.1 | 2.2 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 3.3 |
| Dorset1 | 6.4 | 8.2 | 8.8 | 10.1 | 10.9 | 11.3 | 11.8 | 12.2 | 12.9 |
| Dudley | 2.4 | 3.1 | 4.5 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 4.7 | 3.9 | 5.4 | 4.2 |
| Durham1 | 3.1 | 3.9 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 4.7 |
| Ealing | 4.1 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 5.8 | 6.0 | 5.2 | 6.0 | 7.2 |
| East Riding of Yorkshire1 | — | — | — | 6.1 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 6.6 | 5.6 |
| East Sussex1 | 10.1 | 9.3 | 11.6 | 10.2 | 11.2 | 11.3 | 13.4 | 16.1 | 14.8 |
| Enfield | 3.8 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 5.0 | 5.6 | 4.9 | 6.7 | 6.4 |
| Essex1 | 5.8 | 7.0 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 8.8 | 8.6 | 8.8 | 10.9 | 9.3 |
| Gateshead | 3.5 | 2.0 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 3.6 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 3.8 | 3.0 |
| Gloucestershire | 7.3 | 9.1 | 9.9 | 8.1 | 10.3 | 11.3 | 12.0 | 12.5 | 14.3 |
| Greenwich | 6.4 | 7.1 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 8.2 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 7.4 |
| Hackney | 3.8 | 4.6 | 5.4 | 4.5 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 7.1 |
| Halton1 | — | — | — | — | 5.4 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 3.9 |
| Hammersmith and Fulham | 8.0 | 9.7 | 8.5 | 6.6 | 7.7 | 9.0 | 9.9 | 8.3 | 9.9 |
| Hampshire1 | 6.6 | 7.1 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 9.1 | 10.1 | 10.7 | 12.1 | 11.9 |
| Haringey | 5.2 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 7.2 | 7.5 | 7.8 | 6.9 | 8.6 | 10.0 |
| Harrow | 5.9 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.7 | 7.9 | 6.6 |
| Hartlepool1 | — | — | — | 2.6 | 1.2 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 3.8 | 2.6 |
| Havering | 3.4 | 4.7 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 7.9 | 6.8 | 8.2 | 7.0 |
| Hereford and Worcester1 | 7.3 | 9.3 | 9.7 | 8.5 | 8.7 | — | — | — | — |
| Herefordshire1 | — | — | — | — | 11.5 | 12.3 | 8.0 | 12.2 | 14.2 |
| Hertfordshire | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.7 | 9.2 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.5 | 10.5 | 11.2 |
| Hillingdon | 4.0 | 6.2 | 4.4 | 5.5 | 6.3 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 6.1 | 6.5 |
| Hounslow | 4.0 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 5.3 | 5.8 | 4.7 |
| Humberside1 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 4.9 | 2.4 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Isle of Wight | 6.4 | 7.5 | 9.2 | 7.2 | 4.8 | 7.0 | 9.8 | 10.6 | 10.7 |
| Islington | 9.1 | 7.7 | 7.9 | 8.1 | 6.6 | 8.3 | 10.0 | 9.1 | 10.5 |
| Kensington and Chelsea | 9.4 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 8.5 | 10.3 | 11.6 | 10.0 | 12.5 |
| Kent1 | 6.7 | 7.9 | 9.2 | 8.3 | 10.2 | 10.5 | 10.4 | 12.0 | 11.7 |
| Kingston | 8.7 | 6.9 | 9.0 | 6.8 | 8.1 | 9.3 | 10.4 | 12.4 | 111 |
| Kingston upon Hull, City of1 | — | — | — | 4.0 | 3.4 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 4.6 | 4.4 |
| Kirklees | 3.5 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 5.1 |
Proportion of English domiciled accepted applicants deferring entry to full-time degree and HND courses, by LEA—Entry in autumn 1994 to amtumn 2002
| |||||||||
Percentage
| |||||||||
Year of entry
| |||||||||
LEA
| 1994
| 1995
| 1996
| 1997
| 1998
| 1999
| 2000
| 2001
| 2002
|
| Knowsley | 0.5 | 1.9 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 2.7 | 3.0 |
| Lambeth | 5.1 | 6.7 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.6 | 6.2 | 7.0 | 8.4 | 7.7 |
| Lancashire1 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 5.2 |
| Leeds | 4.2 | 5.4 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 6.3 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 7.6 | 7.8 |
| Leicester1 | — | — | — | 2.5 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 3.8 | 3.3 | 3.8 |
| Leicestershire1 | 4.2 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 6.6 | 6.3 | 7.1 | 6.5 | 7.2 |
| Lewisham | 6.1 | 6.8 | 7.7 | 6.6 | 7.0 | 5.7 | 8.3 | 8.0 | 7.0 |
| Lincolnshire | 4.9 | 6.4 | 7.1 | 7.4 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 7.7 | 9.0 | 7.6 |
| Liverpool | 2.7 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 4.3 | 3.9 |
| Luton1 | — | — | — | 3.6 | 3.9 | 3.3 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 4.3 |
| Manchester | 3.8 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.4 | 5.0 | 5.5 |
| Medway1 | — | — | — | — | 5.2 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 7.1 | 6.4 |
| Merton | 6.8 | 7.1 | 7.5 | 6.1 | 9.6 | 7.7 | 8.9 | 8.7 | 11.4 |
| Middlesbrough1 | — | — | — | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.9 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 2.9 |
| Milton Keynes1 | — | — | — | 7.1 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 10.9 | 10.3 | 10.1 |
| Newcastle upon Tyne | 6.0 | 5.0 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 3.3 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 6.0 |
| Newham | 1.6 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 4.1 |
| Norfolk | 7.0 | 8.5 | 9.6 | 9.0 | 10.5 | 10.3 | 10.6 | 12.1 | 12.2 |
| North Lincolnshire1 | — | — | — | 3.6 | 3.6 | 1.8 | 4.7 | 3.9 | 4.4 |
| North East Lincolnshire1 | — | — | — | 4.2 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 4.3 | 3.9 | 2.9 |
| North Somerset1 | — | — | — | 9.7 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 13.0 | 12.5 | 16.8 |
| North Tyneside | 3.1 | 3.7 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 4.0 |
| North Yorkshire1 | 6.7 | 7.3 | 9.0 | 7.8 | 7.2 | 8.7 | 8.9 | 9.4 | 10.3 |
| Northamptonshire | 5.2 | 7.0 | 6.4 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 8.4 | 9.1 | 10.1 | 10.5 |
| Northumberland | 4.6 | 4.1 | 5.4 | 4.5 | 4.0 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 6.5 | 6.8 |
| Nottingham1 | — | — | — | — | 4.0 | 5.5 | 7.6 | 5.6 | 6.0 |
| Nottinghamshire1 | 5.0 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 6.0 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 8.2 |
| Oldham | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 3.1 | 4.8 | 4.8 |
| Oxfordshire | 10.5 | 12.8 | 13.8 | 12.8 | 12.5 | 13.1 | 14.8 | 16.1 | 15.7 |
| Peterborough1 | — | — | — | — | 7.8 | 6.9 | 12.0 | 6.6 | 8.0 |
| Plymouth1 | — | — | — | — | 5.1 | 6.9 | 8.4 | 8.2 | 8.3 |
| Poole1 | — | — | — | 7.0 | 9.7 | 7.7 | 11.0 | 9.2 | 7.9 |
| Portsmouth1 | — | — | — | 6.4 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 7.5 | 9.5 | 7.1 |
| Reading1 | — | — | — | — | 11.3 | 10.5 | 12.4 | 10.7 | 13.8 |
| Redbridge | 3.6 | 4.1 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 5.0 |
| Redcar and Cleveland1 | — | — | — | 2.0 | 3.9 | 2.2 | 3.5 | 2.2 | 3.1 |
| Richmond | 13.2 | 12.0 | 12.9 | 11.3 | 12.2 | 13.8 | 14.4 | 14.5 | 14.8 |
| Rochdale | 2.3 | 2.7 | 4.3 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 3.1 | 4.4 | 3.6 |
| Rotherham | 1.6 | 2.0 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 4.3 | 5.1 |
| Rutland1 | — | — | — | 11.8 | 12.3 | 20.1 | 16.8 | 12.4 | 14.6 |
| Salford | 3.4 | 4.6 | 3.5 | 6.3 | 4.0 | 5.7 | 7.2 | 4.6 | 5.7 |
| Sandwell | 1.4 | 1.5 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 3.8 | 3.1 |
| Sefton | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 2.5 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 5.5 | 4.4 |
| Sheffield | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.7 | 6.4 | 7.0 | 7.2 | 8.1 | 9.1 |
| Shropshire1 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 7.4 | 7.9 | 7.2 | 9.1 | 8.4 | 10.7 |
| Slough1 | — | — | — | — | 3.7 | 3.3 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 3.7 |
| Solihull | 5.1 | 4.5 | 6.4 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 7.3 | 7.7 | 6.7 |
| Somerset | 8.6 | 8.5 | 10.8 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 11.2 | 12.3 | 14.4 | 14.9 |
| South Gloucestershire1 | — | — | — | 8.5 | 8.5 | 9.6 | 10.3 | 10.2 | 11.6 |
| South Tyneside | 2.0 | 1.6 | 2.8 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 4.7 | 1.2 |
| Southampton1 | — | — | — | 4.7 | 6.1 | 7.8 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 9.8 |
| Southend on Sea1 | — | — | — | — | 7.2 | 8.0 | 7.5 | 9.9 | 8.8 |
| South wark | 6.3 | 5.8 | 6.6 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 6.8 | 5.8 |
| St. Helens | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 3.2 |
| Stafford shire1 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.7 | 4.4 | 5.0 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 5.7 | 5.4 |
| Stockport | 3.7 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 6.4 | 7.9 | 6.9 |
| Stockton on Tees1 | — | — | — | 3.1 | 2.0 | 3.7 | 4.2 | 3.2 | 4.7 |
| Stoke-on-Trent1 | — | — | — | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3.8 | 2.2 |
| Suffolk | 8.8 | 8.7 | 11.4 | 9.2 | 10.5 | 10.3 | 11.2 | 12.2 | 12.6 |
| Sunderland | 2.2 | 2.7 | 1.4 | 3.0 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 2.9 |
| Surrey | 8.5 | 10.2 | 10.0 | 10.3 | 11.0 | 9.9 | 11.5 | 12.8 | 14.2 |
| Sutton | 5.1 | 7.7 | 6.3 | 8.7 | 5.4 | 9.5 | 6.7 | 7.9 | 8.5 |
| Swindon1 | — | — | — | 7.4 | 8.0 | 7.2 | 9.6 | 8.7 | 7.6 |
| Tameside | 1.5 | 2.1 | 3.3 | 2.4 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 4.1 |
| Telford and the Wrekin1 | — | — | — | — | 5.7 | 5.5 | 6.1 | 5.2 | 8.6 |
| Thurrock1 | — | — | — | — | 4.8 | 9.0 | 6.7 | 8.0 | 8.3 |
| Torbay1 | — | — | — | — | 9.2 | 9.8 | 8.6 | 9.7 | 11.7 |
| Tower Hamlets | 3.9 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 5.1 | 2.3 | 2.8 |
Proportion of English domiciled accepted applicants deferring entry to full-time degree and HND courses, by LEA—Entry in autumn 1994 to autumn 2002
| |||||||||
Percentage
| |||||||||
Year of entry
| |||||||||
LEA
| 1994
| 1995
| 1996
| 1997
| 1998
| 1999
| 2000
| 2001
| 2002
|
| Trafford | 3.8 | 5.6 | 3.8 | 4.4 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 7.4 | 5.9 |
| Wakefield | 4.3 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 4.9 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 3.9 | 5.6 |
| Walsall | 4.0 | 1.8 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 3.7 |
| Waltham Forest | 3.1 | 4.2 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 4.5 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 4.5 |
| Wandsworth | 11.3 | 7.4 | 9.5 | 8.5 | 8.2 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 11.9 | 11.7 |
| Warrington1 | — | — | — | — | 4.3 | 4.9 | 4.2 | 7.0 | 5.8 |
| Warwickshire | 5.7 | 7.2 | 6.9 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 8.1 | 8.3 | 9.9 | 10.0 |
| West Berkshire1 | — | — | — | — | 15.5 | 14.6 | 14.3 | 16.6 | 16.1 |
| West Sussex | 9.0 | 10.4 | 11.1 | 9.7 | 11.4 | 12.1 | 12.4 | 13.6 | 12.3 |
| Westminster | 7.6 | 7.2 | 6.3 | 6.7 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 7.6 | 8.7 |
| Wigan | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.2 |
| Wiltshire1 | 8.8 | 10.9 | 11.3 | 12.9 | 11.5 | 13.0 | 13.9 | 15.9 | 15.8 |
| Windsor and Maidenhead1 | — | — | — | — | 15.2 | 10.7 | 10.0 | 11.6 | 13.5. |
| Wirral | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 4.2 | 5.3 | 4.8 | 6.2 |
| Wokingham1 | 8.5 | 11.0 | 9.2 | 11.8 | 9.9 | ||||
| Wolverhampton | 1.7 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.6 |
| Worcestershire1 | — | — | — | — | 9.2 | 7.6 | 8.6 | 9.8 | 9.9 |
| York1 | — | — | — | 7.7 | 7.7 | 8.7 | 10.3 | 12.6 | 12.0 |
| Total England | 5.7 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 7.2 | 7.4 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 8.8 |
1There are discontinuities in the time series caused by Local Government Reorganisations. Also, UCAS do not hold domicile breakdowns for all new authorities in the year that reorganisation took place and so some participation rates for new authorities are not shown. | |||||||||
2 The effect of year on year fluctuations on a small population mean that this method of calculating participation rates is unreliable for the City of London. | |||||||||
Note:
Accepted applicants with unknown English domiciles are excluded from the figures.
Source:
Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS)