Data held on WasteDataFlow for 2005-06 on the cost of local authority waste collections in England are incomplete, due to low response rates for this particular question.
While 100 per cent. of authorities reported tonnage data required under the Landfill Allowance Trading Scheme, not all authorities completed the voluntary financial questions. However, local authorities are required to provide annual spending and financing data to the Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG), and their Revenue Outturn data include the cost of waste collection and disposal (RO5). The DCLG should therefore be able to provide complete data on the net costs incurred by local authorities for their waste collection services.
Further information is available on the Local Government Finance Statistics website at the following address:
http://www.local.odpm.gov.uk/finance/stats/index.htm
Local authorities are required to report quarterly data on municipal waste (encompassing household waste) to WasteDataFlow. When reporting data, authorities should specify the amount of waste collected for recycling that is subsequently rejected, at the point of collection, at a Materials Recycling Facility (MRF), or at the gate of the reprocessor. The data reported to WasteDataFlow are used by the Environment Agency (EA) and Defra to monitor the Landfill Allowance Trading Scheme.
The EA has also carried out a survey on Household Waste Materials Reclamation Facilities in England and Wales. The EA identified and visited about 80 candidate sites to ascertain recovery and reject levels at each site, verifying this information via a visual inspection of bale quality and the overall state of each facility. The overall typical spread of reject rates for MRFs was from 5 per cent. to 25 per cent., with 10 to 15 per cent. being an average. Around one million tonnes of municipal waste were reported to WasteDataFlow as being processed by an MRF.
Analysis by the Waste and Resources Action Programme, based on a range of data sources, suggests that a conservative estimate of the amount of household waste collected for recycling which is not recycled, is around 5 to 10 per cent. In 2005-06, a total of 6.87 million tonnes of waste from household sources was collected for recycling.
No such assessment has been made by my Department.
The Environmental Protection Act 1990 places a duty on all waste collection authorities to arrange for the collection of household waste, but it does not stipulate how often collections should occur.
Decisions on the best way to collect waste are rightly a matter for local authorities, not central Government. Local authorities are therefore free to choose how they fulfil their waste collection duties, including the frequency, priority, degree of effort and resources required. In practice, local authorities considering alternate weekly collection of household waste are expected to take into account factors such as the type of housing stock in the local area, as well as processing facilities available.
(2) what the procurement process was by which the Eunomia consultancy was selected to undertake research into charging for the collection of household rubbish;
(3) how much the Eunomia consultancy was paid for its research into new waste charges for the collection of household rubbish.
Since its inception in 2001, the Waste and Resources Action Programme (WRAP) has awarded work to a total value of £349,000 (including VAT) to Eunomia Research & Consulting Ltd. This has covered a number of projects as follows:
i) ‘Managing Biowastes from Households in the UK: Cost Benefit Analysis’ (June 2007), and the related study, ‘Dealing with Food Waste in the UK’ (March 2007).
ii) Technical support to two local authority partners under WRAP's Food Waste Collections Trials project.
iii) Technical support to local authorities under the WRAP ROTATE programme—seven projects in total.
iv) Technical report: ‘Resources from waste in the UK: A Forward Look’ (2005).
v) Technical report: ‘Development of Recycling and Material Markets in the UK’ (2002).
vi) Technical report: ‘The Size of the UK Recycling and Re-use Industry’ (2002).
Eunomia Consultancy was selected following a competitive tendering exercise under the call-off contract established as part of Defra's Waste Implementation Programme. The purpose of the call-off contract is to provide consultancy support for projects requiring specialist input over a short working programme timescale. Three contractors available under the call-off contract submitted tenders for the work. These were analysed using Defra's standard tender appraisal procedure.
The total cost of work undertaken by Eunomia Consulting on the project ‘Modelling the Impact of Household Charging’, was £41,615.00, excluding VAT.
No records are held, either by this Department or by the Waste and Resources Action Programme (WRAP), specifically on local authorities (LAs) which have introduced alternate weekly collection of household waste and subsequently reverted to weekly collections.
WRAP is aware of a number of LAs providing alternate weekly collection (AWC) of household waste and provides support and guidance to these LAs on best practice in operating such a service.
WRAP's records represent our best understanding of LAs operating or implementing AWC schemes. However, due to the often rapid changes in this area, they are unlikely to be completely up to date.
No specific guidance has been issued either by my Department or its agencies on inspecting the contents of household rubbish bins. Section 46 of the Environmental Protection Act (ERA) empowers local authorities to specify the conditions of their waste collection service and places a duty on them to inform householders of those conditions. This usually takes the form of a section 46 notice. Under these powers, local authorities can specify the number, size, construction and maintenance of receptacles, what can be placed in each, and where and when they are to be placed for collection. Authorities can also require household waste to be treated prior to placing it in a receptacle.
Any person found in breach of the conditions set in a section 46 notice can be prosecuted and, if convicted, is liable to a fine of up to £1,000. The Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005 also gives local authorities the power to issue fixed penalty notices to those breaching a section 46 notice, as an alternative to prosecution under section 46(6) of the EPA.
An independent, DEFRA-funded research study was carried out by Enviros Consulting and Cranfield university in 2006 to assess the health impacts of alternate weekly collection (AWC).
The final report, “Health Impact assessment of alternate week waste collections of biodegradable waste”, identified no evidence of adverse health impacts resulting from AWC of household waste.
No scientific research has been conducted by DEFRA’s agencies on AWC. However, the Waste and Resources Action Programme is currently updating its guidance to local authorities on the design and implementation of AWC services and will be drawing on the experiences of authorities that have already implemented such schemes.
The data requested are not available. Flycapture does not record incidents of householders putting their waste out on the wrong day (in breach of notices issued under section 46 of the Environmental Protection Act 1990) separately from other incidents of fly-tipping.
Flycapture does not record details of householders breaching a no side waste collection policy.