Air Pollution Ruth Cadbury (Brentford and Isleworth) (Lab) 10. What steps she is taking to improve monitoring of levels of air pollution. Naz Shah (Bradford West) (Lab) 11. What steps she is taking to improve monitoring of levels of air pollution. The Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Rory Stewart) The Department continues to improve its monitoring of levels of air pollution in line with the EU ambient air quality directive, and the computer programme to calculate emissions from road transport, or Copert. We have increased the number of nitrogen dioxide monitoring stations by more than 30% over the past three years. Ruth Cadbury Air pollution will cost many more thousands of lives if air quality is not improved significantly. How will the Government achieve legally binding targets for air pollution if the third runway at Heathrow is permitted? Rory Stewart The current objective is to focus on nitrogen dioxide thresholds and ensure that we reduce ambient air quality rates below 40 micrograms per cubic metre. Heathrow is a totally separate question that must be assessed independently by the Environment Agency and our air quality monitors, to see whether ambient air quality targets are met. Naz Shah Air pollution kills 50,000 people a year, yet the Government are concerned with only five cities. Will the Minister explain why? Rory Stewart That is a very good question. In those five cities, the ambient air quality level of 40 micrograms per cubic metre is due to be exceeded. Therefore, our objective is to ensure that by 2020, in Birmingham, Leeds, Nottingham, Derby and Southampton, we drop that level below 40 micrograms per cubic metre. Vicky Foxcroft (Lewisham, Deptford) (Lab) 14. In Deptford, air pollution levels are more than double the European legal limit. London as a whole breached annual air pollution limits just days into 2016. Does the Minister think his Department is doing enough? Rory Stewart We have reduced nitrogen dioxide dramatically in Britain—by 44%—but there are still significant problems in London. That is partly to do with the population and design of London, which is why an ultra-low emission zone is being introduced in London to ensure that we exclude the vehicles that are responsible for the majority of that air pollution.