asked the Minister of Defence whether he will make a statement on the Government's long-term policy towards the military base and airfield in Cyprus.

I have no statement to make on Cyprus at present.

asked the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, in view of the fact that honorary diplomatic status is extended by the United States Government to all of its nationals working for the Government of Libya, whether he will take steps to extend similar status to all British nationals working for that Government.

My right hon. and learned Friend is informed that no United States nationals employed by the Libyan Government have diplomatic status, honorary or otherwise. United States citizens employed in Libya on work in connection with United States economic aid whose salaries are paid for by the United States from aid funds have exemption from Libyan taxation; with the exception of two senior officials, who are on the United States Ambassador's staff, these employees do not enjoy diplomatic status.

asked the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs if he will state the policy of Her Majesty's Government in the Middle East, in view of Egyptian-Syrian integration and the prospect of other Arab countries taking similar action; and what steps he proposes to take to ensure the maintenance of peace in that area and the territorial integrity of the State of Israel.

As regards the first part of the Question, I can add nothing for the moment to my reply to the right hon. and learned Member for Rowley Regis and Tipton (Mr. A. Henderson).

asked the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, as Co-Chairman of the Geneva Conference, why the headquarters of the International Commission for Supervision and Control in Vietnam have been transferred from Hanoi to Saigon.

In telling the Co-Chairmen of their forthcoming move to Saigon, the Commission did not say why they had made the decision, nor were they under any obligation to do so. They did, however, mention that they hoped thereby to effect an appreciable economy in their expenses, a share of which is paid, as the hon. Member will be aware, by Her Majesty's Government.

asked the Minister of Labour why, despite assurances given in the House of Commons on 13th December, 1956, and 18th April, 1957, no announcement has yet been made about revision of the Dock Regulations, 1934.

The previous replies to which the hon. Member refers indicated that we were discussing this question with the organisations primarily concerned, but that the practical problems were extremely complicated and that the making of new regulations might not be the best course to follow. Further discussions have confirmed this doubt and my right hon. Friend is considering what other action might be taken.

asked the Minister of Labour how many inspections were made of docks, wharves and quays in 1939, 1945, 1950, 1955, 1956 and 1957, respectively; and how many warnings were given about breaches in the Dock Regulations, 1934; and how many prosecutions arose.

I regret that much of this information is not available.The number of visits to docks, wharves and quays, and shipbuilding operations in 1956 was 3,274: there are no similar figures for earlier years and those for 1957 are not yet available. There is no general record of the number of warnings given about breaches in the regulations. The numbers of prosecutions for breaches of the regulations are not available for 1939 and 1945; for 1950, 1955, 1956 and 1957 they were four, eight, ten and five, respectively.

asked the Minister of Labour the number of building workers registered as unemployed in Wales during December, 1957; and what were the comparable figures for 1956 and 1955.

2,453 at 9th December 1957, compared with 1,739 at 10th December, 1956, and 1,271 at 12th December, 1955.

asked the Minister of Labour what was the number of unemployed building trade operatives registered in the County of Durham at the latest convenient date; and what was the comparable number a year ago.

1,254 at 13th January, compared with 1,215 at 14th January, 1957.

asked the Minister of Labour if he will publish in HANSARD a table of figures showing the number of registered unemployed in the parliamentary constituency of Kelvingrove, or for the employment exchanges which cover this constituency, for each of the months from October, 1951, until the latest convenient stated date.

Owing to the length of the period over which the statistics are required, figures for quarterly dates only have been given. The following are the figures:

asked the Minister of Labour what steps are being taken by Her Majesty's Government to implement the recommendations of the Asian Regional Conference of the International Labour Organisations held in New Delhi in November, 1957.

The recommendations of this Conference have not yet been transmitted to Governments. They have first to be considered by the Governing Body of the International Labour Office, which next meets in March.

asked the Minister of Labour if he will state the registered number of unemployed in the aircraft industry at the latest convenient date.

1,216 on 9th December, 1957. Preliminary indications suggest that there has been some increase in unemployment in January.

asked the Minister of Labour whether he will give for each county in England and Wales the percentage of unemployment at the last convenient date.

The statistics of the employed population and of unemployment are not tabulated by counties and I regret that it is not possible to undertake the very large amount of work that would be involved in the compilation of such figures. Percentage rates of unemployment are, however, computed for the standard regions, and the following are the latest available figures:

asked the Minister of Labour if he will make a statement about the latest position in the areas of South Wales affected by the closure of old-type iron and tinplate works; and what proportion of the employees affected by such closures have found suitable alternative employment.

It is estimated that since 1st January, 1957, the number of persons employed in the iron and steel, sheet and tinplate works in South Wales has decreased by approximately 7,800. On 13th January, 1958, 1,296 persons, who were last employed in the industry in South Wales, were registered as wholly unemployed.

asked the Minister of Labour the number of disabled persons at Cardiff registered as unemployed at the most convenient recent date and the comparative figures for 1957, 1956 and 1955, respectively.

The numbers were 348 on 16th December, 1957, 383 in December, 1956, and 360 in December, 1955.

asked the Minister of Labour whether he will make a statement on the prospects for juvenile employment in Cardiff.

The prospects of school leavers in Cardiff obtaining employment are good, and will probably continue to be so. The general question of training opportunities for young people will be dealt with in the report by a sub-Committee of the National Joint Advisory Council which will be published next week.

asked the Minister of Labour the number of people registering for employment in Cardiff at the most convenient recent date and the comparative numbers for 1957, 1956 and 1955, respectively.

On 13th January, 1958, 3,434 people were registered for employment, of whom 415 were already in employment. Records are not available for earlier years covering those already in employment but the numbers of wholly unemployed people registering for employment in mid-January were 2,677 in 1958, 2,625 in 1957, 1,496 in 1956 and 2,185 in 1955.

asked the Minister of Labour how many brick and tile works in North Wales have closed down during the last three months; how many are employing men on short time; and what steps are being taken to provide alternative work for the men declared redundant as a result of closure.

Since 1st November, 1957, two brick and tile works have closed, one permanently and the other for an indefinite period to make repairs to machinery. A third has announced its intention of doing so although its final closure has not yet been reported to me. I have had no reports of short-time working at any works in North Wales. My local offices are taking all possible steps to submit unemployed workers to vacancies notified to them.

asked the Minister of Labour what instructions have been given about the medical standards which decide whether a disabled person is classified under Section I or Section II.

A registered disabled person seeking work is placed in Section I or Section II of the Register according to whether he is considered capable of ordinary employment, or whether he is

asked the Minister of Labour what was the average time lost in 1957 per worker engaged in industry on account of industrial disputes, industrial accidents, and sickness, respectively.

The average time lost in 1957 per worker engaged in industry on account of industrial disputes was about three hours. The latest estimates relating to the twelve months ending 4th June, 1955, show that nearly one day was lost on average per person at risk due to industrial accidents and diseases and about fourteen days on average per person at risk for sickness benefit; this last figure, however, includes a substantial element of chronic sickness of people who have really dropped out of the industrial field.

asked the Minister of Labour the numbers of disabled persons in each of the cities of Scotland registered as unemployed during each of the last five years, indicating how many of them have been supplied with invalid cars and how many have applied for and been given renewals of worn out invalid cars.

The answer to the first part of the Question is given below. The second part of the Question is a matter for my right hon. Friend the Secretary of State for Scotland, who will, I understand, be writing to the hon. and learned Member as soon as the necessary information has been obtained.

asked the Minister of Labour what advice he has received on the problem of school leavers finding suitable employment in the county of Northumberland what steps are being taken by his Department to meet the increase in school leavers during the period 1959 to 1962; and whether he will make a statement.

I am advised that taking the county as a whole the great majority of school leavers in Northumberland over the next few years should have little difficulty in finding employment, though in the less industrialised areas it may be difficult to provide local employment for them all. The adequacy of existing training arrangements in the light of the expected increase in the number of school leavers has been the subject of an inquiry by a sub-Committee of the National Joint Advisory Council which has met under my chairmanship. The sub-Committee's report will be published on 19th February under the title "Training for Skill".

asked the Minister of Labour how many persons are unemployed at the Abertillery Employment Exchange; and what percentage this figure is of the total of insured persons.

587 at 13th January. For the purpose of calculating the percentage rate of unemployment, Abertillery is grouped with Brynmawr, Ebbw Vale, Newbridge and Tredegar; for this area as a whole the percentage unemployed at 13th January was 4·0.

asked the Secretary of State for War why he has summarily closed a busy road at Wallington Hill, Fareham; if he is aware of the public concern at his action; and if he will make some arrangement that will secure the reopening of this road.

This is a War Department road which has in the past been left open to the public. Since the war the number of Army vehicles using it has fallen away, and for the last two years 90 per cent. of the traffic has been civilian. In 1955, therefore, the urban district council was invited to accept responsibility for maintenance, but it was not prepared to do so. There is now no military use for the road at all. It has fallen into disrepair, and I regret to say that in December, 1957, it had to be closed because of possible danger to traffic. The offer to the local authority remains open.

asked the Secretary of State for War how many civil servants were employed by his Department in 1937, 1947 and 1957.

The numbers of non-industrial civil servants employed at home and abroad, excluding civilians engaged locally overseas, are as follows: 6,089 in 1937, 44,807 in 1947 and 38,256 in 1957.

asked the Postmaster-General what regulations govern arrangements with Italy for the delivery of parcels on a cash on delivery basis, and by what regulations Italian exporters to this country can get cash on delivery for their goods while exporters from this country to Italy are not able to enjoy a similar advantage.

There are no cash on delivery arrangements in our postal service with Italy in either direction, and I am therefore not clear how the discrimination to which my hon. Friend refers can arise. If, however, he would let me have details of what he has in mind, I will gladly make inquiries.

asked the Postmaster-General if he will state his policy regarding redundancy of single and married postwomen, respectively.

We do not discriminate between single and married postwomen. Volunteers for termination of employment and inefficient officers go first, the remainder go in reverse order of length of service.

asked the Postmaster-General when the proposed Independent Television service for the northeast will begin; and what areas will be covered.

The Independent Television Authority hope to open their station serving north-east England around the end of this year. The service area is expected to extend from Alnwick in the north, to Middleton in Teesdale in the west and nearly to Whitby in the south.

asked the Postmaster-General how much of the new capital required by the Post Office during the last ten years has been provided by the Post Office itself; and how much has been provided out of public funds.

Gross additions to fixed assets have amounted to about £700 million. Towards this the Post Office has provided about £340 million by way of depreciation and recoveries.

asked the Secretary of State for Air how much money is to be saved by transferring 19,000 reservists from Class E, paid, to Class H, unpaid.

About £385,000.

asked the Secretary of State for Air what immediate steps are being taken to remedy the had conditions and unsatisfactory food being endured by the Royal Air Force personnel at El Adem, B.F.P.O. 56.

We have recently strengthened the catering staff at El Adem and have improved the arrangements for the purchase of local produce. We are also arranging for increased supplies of frozen and tinned vegetables and fruit. I am keeping a close personal watch on progress, and I will keep the hon. Lady informed.

asked the Secretary of State for Air how many civil servants were employed by his Department in 1937, 1947 and 1957.

Excluding staff recruited overseas, the number of non-industrial civilian employees borne on Air Votes was 9,895 in 1937, 24,907 in 1947, and 27,113 in 1957.

asked the Secretary of State for Air (1) what steps he is taking to ensure an adequate supply of teachers for the grammar school at the Royal Air Force Station, Khormaksar; whether he is aware of the proposal to close the General Certificate of Education Standard at this school next autumn; and whether he will make a statement;(2) whether he is aware of the serious inadequacy of educational facilities for children of Regular serving families at the Royal Air Force Station, Steamer Point; and whether he will make a statement.(3) whether he is aware of the wide age range in classes at the Royal Air Force Secondary School, Khormaksar; and whether he will make a statement on the steps he is taking to alter this state of affairs.

The age range of children in some of the classes in the secondary school at Khormaksar is wider than we should like partly because the number of pupils is small and partly because of a shortage of teachers. Vacancies for teachers at Khormaksar and also at Steamer Point have been advertised in the national and professional Press. The response to the latest advertisements has been encouraging. Tenders have been invited for the construction of a new school at Khormaksar which will provide primary and secondary education for most of the children at Khormaksar and Steamer Point. I am making further inquiries about the discontinuance of the G.C.E. course at Khormaksar and will write to the honourable Member.

asked the Minister of Transport and Civil Aviation if he is aware that there is a general desire among the residents in Heston and Isle-worth that the "no waiting" restriction in Hounslow High Street should begin at 10 a.m. and not 8.30 a.m. as proposed by the Minister, that the 10 a.m. time has the support of the borough council and the chamber of commerce and that if the 8.30 a.m. time is imposed it will cause hardship and inconvenience to persons who by reason of age or physical disability have to travel to and from shops by motor car; and if he will therefore reconsider his proposal with a view to fixing 10 a.m. as the time for the "no waiting" restriction.

We have received representations from the Hounslow and District Chamber of Commerce in the sense suggested by my hon. Friend. A further examination of the roads involved in these restrictions has been made, but it does not show that it would be in the general interest of those using this street to depart from the hours which are to apply generally throughout the London Traffic Area.

asked the Minister of Transport and Civil Aviation how many accidents near Whitehouse Farm on the A40 road two miles east of Witney have been reported to his Department in recent years; and whether he will take steps to eliminate the concealed dip in the road at this point and in the meantime to put up warning signs.

Over a distance of 300 yards in the vicinity of Whitehouse Farm during the five year period 1st January, 1953, to 31st December, 1957, eleven accidents involving personal injury and twenty-three involving damage to vehicles have been reported to the police. There have been no fatal accidents. While I agree that it would be an improvement if the dip were eliminated, there are unfortunately many similar demands with higher priority. The best course will be to lay down double white lines here instead of the present single white line, and this will be done when the new system is extended to this road.

asked the Minister of Transport and Civil Aviation whether he is aware that one of the surveyed routes for the proposed London—Yorkshire motorway through Leicestershire runs through the Charnwood Forest, which is an area which has been scheduled for preservation by the county council for many years; and if he will take this latter point into consideration before making a decision as to the route which should be followed.

asked the Minister of Transport and Civil Aviation whether his attention has been drawn to the concern felt by a large number of residents in the Charnwood Forest, Leicester, and other places that a proposal is being considered to build a portion of the motorway to Yorkshire through Charnwood Forest; and what steps he has taken to meet their requests.

I have received a number of representations about the line which the London—Yorkshire motorway should take through Leicestershire, and in each case an explanation has been given of the procedure I am statutorily required to follow before a decision can be made. When I am in a position to publish my draft proposals, three months will be allowed for objections to be lodged, and I will then give full consideration to all representations made to me. The difficulties of finding the best route in this area must inevitably mean that the date for authorising this motorway will be set back very considerably.

asked the Minister of Transport and Civil Aviation if he will examine the system now adopted in Paris to prevent all-day parking in the centre of that city, and which obviates the expense of, and annoyance caused by, parking meters.

I would refer my hon. Friend to the reply which I gave yesterday to a similar Question by my hon. Friend the Member for Hastings (Mr. Cooper-Key), of which I am sending him a copy.

asked the Minister of Transport and Civil Aviation what measures he is taking to promote education and propaganda regarding the wearing of safety helmets by motor cyclists; and how much is being spent on this subject.

This is one of the many subjects dealt with in the general road safety education and propaganda programme carried out by local road safety committees in this country, whose activities we help by grants. In addition, we have recently commissioned a short cartoon film on protective helmets for showing on television. It would be impossible to isolate the amount of road safety expenditure attributable to safety helmet propaganda.

asked the Minister of Transport and Civil Aviation when the Report of the Central Transport Consultative Committee on the proposal of the British Transport Commission to withdraw train services from the Lewes—East Grinstead line will be published; and if he will make a statement.

Copies of the report will be available in the Vote Office this afternoon. The Committee has concluded that although the financial savings from closing the line appear to be considerably less than the railways had estimated, they are still substantial and that in the public interest the continuing losses cannot be justified. The Committee has accordingly recommended that the line should be closed. It has also made recommendations about the information to be furnished by the British Transport Commission in support of future proposals to withdraw services.The Commission has informed me that services between Lewes and East Grinstead will now be withdrawn on 17th March. As regards future proposals for the withdrawal of services, the Commission tells me it is anxious to find a satisfactory basis for the submission of supporting financial information and intends to have early discussions with the Committee on this question.

asked the Minister of Transport and Civil Aviation if he will take the necessary action to ensure that motor bicycles manufactured after a date to be agreed shall be as silent as is technically possible.

We are anxious to ensure that all new motor cycles are as silent as is practicable. We have already arranged for tests to be carried out by our officers in collaboration with manufacturers to determine what standards should be set for the upper limit of noise by new motor cycle engines.

asked the Minister of Transport and Civil Aviation how long he estimates it will take before the new installations to be erected at the port of Barry are completed; and if he will make a statement.

I am informed that the British Transport Commission expect their development scheme at Barry to be completed by June, 1959.

asked the Minister of Transport and Civil Aviation whether he is aware that the West German Government is discussing proposals to provide 22 million marks for the expansion of the German passenger fleet, in addition to the loans already provided for building and conversion; and whether he will consult the Chancellor of the Exchequer about further taxation concessions to British shipowners to enable them to compete with foreign flags on less unfavourable terms.

I have seen reports of these discussions. As regards the second part of the Question, the Government are aware of the problem and the Chancellor of the Exchequer, by doubling the investment allowance for shipping, has already given substantial assistance to those U.K. shipping companies which desire to modernise and expand their fleets.

asked the Minister of Transport and Civil Aviation what representations have been made to him about the removal of Croydon Airport's radar search unit and the effect of such removal upon the safe operation into Croydon Airport in difficult weather conditions; and what action he has taken in this matter.

Representations have been made by the aircraft operators of Croydon, the Croydon Chamber of Commerce and the Croydon Corporation. My right hon. Friend is satisfied that the safe operation of aircraft into Croydon Airport will not be affected, although in certain weather conditions there may be a few additional diversions to other aerodromes.

asked the Minister of Transport and Civil Aviation if he is now in a position to make a statement on the British Overseas Airways Corporation jet airliner to be ordered.

I presume my hon. and gallant Friend means the B.E.A. order. B.E.A. will open negotiations this week with a new company in which de Havillands, Hunting Aircraft and Fairey Aviation will participate. Rolls Royce would develop and manufacture the power plant. The Government will wish to be satisfied that the whole project will be developed and manufactured as a private venture by the companies concerned.

asked the President of the Board of Trade whether he is aware that the Warsaw Pact countries and other Soviet satellites have recently made many valuable contributions to industrial equipment in the United Kingdom; whether he will now take steps to expedite the review foreshadowed in November, 1957, in connection with restrictions originally imposed for strategical reasons upon United Kingdom exports to the Warsaw Pact countries and other Soviet satellites; and whether he will make an early statement.

I would not accept my hon. Friend's suggestion that these countries have made valuable contributions to our industrial equipment. As regards our exports to them, we shall continue to exert all the influence we can to secure an agreed adjustment of any controls which in our judgment no longer serve a strategic purpose. The controls will be reviewed in consultation with our partners in the Paris Group as soon as this can be arranged, but I am not at present in a position to promise an early statement.

asked the President of the Board of Trade which development councils set up under the Industrial Organisation and Development Act, 1947, are still functioning.

The Cotton Board and the Furniture Development Council.

asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food how many registered growers of potatoes have been licensed as grower-salesmen by the Potato Marketing Board; how many applications for such licences have been refused; and how many of the unsuccessful applicants had held licences from his Department prior to the coming into force of the Potato Marketing Scheme, 1955.

The licensing of grower-salesmen is a matter for the Potato Marketing Board under the Marketing Scheme and inquiries about the outcome of applications for licences should be addressed to the Board. Under the Scheme, unsuccessful applicants have the right to arbitration.

asked the Secretary of State for the Colonies for what reasons the Cattle Slaughter Control Ordinance of Northern Rhodesia has been extended to the Eastern Province.

The Ordinance, which controls by permit the slaughter of immature and breeding cattle was extended to the Eastern Province in order to control the slaughter of breeding stock in the interests of encouraging the cattle industry in the Port Jameson area.

asked the Secretary of State for the Colonies what assistance is being received from the World Health Organisation in the improvement of medical and sanitary services in the Seychelles.

The World Health Organisation are assisting with a public health and sanitation scheme. In addition, a male nurse is studying tuberculosis techniques in this country under a W.H.O. Fellowship, and two health inspectors have just completed 3-year fellowships studying in East Africa.

asked the Secretary of State for the Colonies whether he is yet in a position to make a statement about the site in Trinidad for the new capital of the West Indies Federation.

The implications of the West Indian request for the release of the United States base at Chaguaramas for the Federal capital are being investigated by a joint technical Commission. I can make no statement until the Commission reports.

asked the Secretary of State for the Colonies if he will now make a statement on the future of Cyprus.

I would refer the hon. Member to my Answer of the 11th February, 1958, to Questions by the hon. and gallant Member for Haltemprice (Mr. Wall) and other hon. Members.

asked the Secretary of for the Colonies whether he will now give further details about the proposed Council of State in Kenya.

I shall present to Parliament tomorrow a White Paper giving details of the decisions which have now been reached.

asked the Secretary of State for the Colonies whether, in the preliminary examination for schools in Kenya, the same standard is required from both European and Asian candidates; and if, at the end of their schooling, both European and Asian candidates are required to sit for the same examination.

Although papers in common subjects are of comparable standard, the two preliminary examinations, taken at the end of the primary course, are each based on a different syllabus and allowance is made for the restricted English vocabulary of Asian children. Pupils are not required to take any examination at the end of secondary schooling, but many sit for the Cambridge Oversea School Certificate.

asked the Secretary of State for the Colonies what is the percentage of European and Asian children who passed the preliminary schools examination in Kenya, who passed the final schools examination, and who attained the required standard for university education.

In 1956, 79 per cent. of European candidates and 31 per cent. of Asian candidates passed their respective preliminary examinations. There is no final schools examination, but in the same year 84 per cent. of the European candidates and 49.5 per cent. of the Asian candidates passed the Cambridge Oversea School Certificate. The corresponding figures for the Higher School Certificate examination are 82 per cent. and 63 per cent. Standards for university entrance vary from place to place but Makerere University College accepts candidates who reach a certain standard in the School Certificate Examination.

asked the Chancellor of the Exchequer if he will state the totals of tax receipts from football pools and greyhound racing for the months of November and December, 1957.

Receipts of pool betting duty and of bookmakers' licence duty for these months were as follows:—

asked the Minister of Health whether he will state the total number of merit awards paid to consultants in the latest convenient year; and what was the total cost of such awards, both absolutely and in relation to the total of the recipients' salaries.

The total number of awards in England and Wales at 31st December, 1957, was 2,343 at a total annual cost of about £2 million, equivalent to approximately 25 per cent. of the estimated total of the recipients' salaries, including the awards.

asked the Minister of Health how much influenza vaccine was bought officially from the United States of America in 1957.

None.

asked the Minister of Health how many cases of paralytic poliomyelitis were recorded during 1957; how many of them recovered; and how many were under 15 years of age.

The provisional figure for notifications of paralytic poliomyelitis in 1957 is 3,172. The other information is not available exactly in the form requested but to 30th June the provisional number of deaths assigned to acute poliomyelitis was 52 and out of 2,497 cases of paralytic poliomyelitis notified to 30th September. 1.650 were children under 15.

asked the Minister of Health whether the fatal case of diphtheria recorded in the Report of the Medical Officer to the Ministry of Health for 1956 as occurring in an immunised child aged two years was the same case as was mentioned in the Report for 1956 of the Medical Officer of Health for Wands-worth.

No. The death from diphtheria mentioned by the Medical Officer of Health for Wandsworth occurred in an unimmunised child.

asked the Secretary of State for Scotland if he is aware that the United States Government, while seeking missile bases in Scotland, is placing with foreign Governments orders for fish which the Scottish fishing industry could readily fulfil; and if he will make representations to the United States Government to this effect.

I have no knowledge of any orders for fish placed by the United States Government with other Governments. If the hon. and learned Member is referring to orders for fish placed by United States Forces stationed in this country or in Europe, it is open to merchants in Scotland to submit tenders through the usual channels.

asked the Secretary of State for Scotland what provision is made in Scotland in schools under his jurisdiction for teaching the composition and execution of vocal and instrumental music; how this has been affected by the Purchase Tax on musical instruments; and what steps he plans to take to make available to teachers and students of music in Scotland sufficient musical instruments at reasonable prices to maintain the standards of teaching and study.

Singing is taught in all public and grant-aided schools and teaching of instrumental music has increased greatly in recent years: musical composition is normally taught only to pupils studying music for the Scottish Leaving Certificate Examination. I have no evidence that the cost of instruments has discouraged music teaching.