asked the Secretary of State for the Environment what progress he is making with his consideration of the question of hazard warning devices on roads, and in particular the display of advance warning triangles.

We shall announce our conclusions as soon as possible.

asked the Secretary of State for the Environment if he will give an undertaking that the Broad Street—Richmond railway line London Midland Region will not be closed in view of the contribution it makes to the traffic and commuter problems of North London.

No.

asked the Secretary of State for the Environment if he will list the Acts under which local authorities have powers to hold a referendum together with the statutory limitations upon such powers.

Section 255 of the Local Government Act, 1933 and the Ninth Schedule require borough and urban district councils to hold a town poll in certain circumstances when promoting a Bill. The Schedule to the Sunday Entertainments Act, 1932 makes similar provision where such a council apply to the Secretary of State for the Home Department for an order extending Section 1 of the Act to their area.

asked the Secretary of State for Education and Science what is the current number of nursery school places in Bradford; and what is her esti- mate of the number that will be available in 1972 and 1973.

In January, 1970 there were 253 pupils in maintained nursery schools in Bradford, of whom 70 attended part-time; in addition a further 1,068 pupils under the age of five (excluding rising fives) attended primary schools, including 376 who were part-time. A further 270 nursery places are being provided for Bradford under the Urban Programme, the majority of which should be available by January, 1972.

asked the Secretary of State for Education and Science if she is aware of the concern about the increasing extent to which antiques are being sent for export; and if she will consider what action is necessary to restrict the loss of such goods to the United Kingdom.

Existing arrangements ensure that an export licence is not granted for any antique over a specified value regarded by the Reviewing Committee on the Export of Works of Art as of national importance if any public collection in this country offers to purchase it at a fair price. My noble friend the Paymaster-General is satisfied with these arrangements.

asked the Secretary of State for Education and Science what changes in the administration of polytechnics are proposed in the Government's proposals for the reorganisation of local government.

Outside Greater London, the responsibilities of the present local education authorities would be taken over by the new County Councils or Metropolitan District Councils which replaced them.

asked the Secretary of State for Education and Science when the Natural Environmental Research Council will publish its report on pollution by polychlorinated biphenals in the Irish Sea and other coastal waters.

The report on an investigation, which the N.E.R.C. coordinated, into the deaths of sea birds in the Irish Sea during the autumn of 1969 is to be published in March.

asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food if the British Wool Marketing Board will be able to continue its operations in the event of the United Kingdom becoming a member of the European Economic Community.

As my right hon. Friend said in the debate in the House on 21st January, 1971, the Government believe that the marketing boards, including the British Wool Marketing Board, will continue to play an important role in promoting efficient production and marketing.—[Vol. 809, c. 1323–4.]

asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (1) what studies he has made of the minimum size of a viable farm unit expressed in terms of standard man-days in the event of Great Britain entering the European Economic Community;(2) what trends he expects to occur in relation to the viability of small farms in the case of the United Kingdom entering the European Economic Community.

Entry into the European Economic Community would offer possibilities of increasing production to efficient small farmers in most sectors. In general, farm businesses with 275 standard man-days, which is taken to be the equivalent of a year's work for one man, would be no less viable in the event of entry than they are at present. The effect on individual producers will obviously depend on many factors including their ability to respond to changes in prices and costs.

asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food what diminution or increase he expects in the number of farm units in the United Kingdom in the event of Great Britain entering the European Economic Community.

In the absence of further incentives for farm amalagamations, the number of full-time farms in the United Kingdom is likely to continue declining at about the recent rate of 2 per cent. a year, whether or not we enter the Community.My right hon. Friend is however reviewing our own measures for encouraging the creation of larger farms, and proposals to provide further incentives in this field are under consideration in the European Economic Community. I cannot anticipate the outcome of these studies.

asked the Minister of Aviation Supply whether he will make a statement on the future of the avionics consortium Avionica for the multi-role combat aircraft and on the system for allocation of contracts for the supply of avionic components for this aircraft.

Avionica was formed to co-ordinate the electronics equipment and systems for the multi-role combat aircraft. Its effort has recently been integrated with PANAVIA, the joint aircraft company. This will enable closer and more efficient management of the development of the aircraft together with its equipment. Equipment for the aircraft will be selected by agreement between governmental representatives and PANAVIA, after a process of competitive tendering has taken place.

asked the Minister of Aviation Supply when the firm of High Temperature Engineers Limited, of Fareham, a creditor of the Beagle Aircraft Company, can expect to be paid the £5,791 owing to it.

The agreement and payment of claims against Beagle Aircraft Limited in liquidation is the responsibility of the Liquidator.

asked the Secretary of State for Employment and Productivity if he will consider the provision of a grant of £4,000 to the Over-Forty-Fives Association, in view of its work in placing thousands of middle-aged and elderly men in jobs, which work may otherwise cease through lack of funds.

No. I recognise the need to provide help in a positive way for older people who are unemployed and seeking work, but I do not consider the provision of grants to employment agencies to be the right solution. I think it is better for the available resources to be concentrated on continuing the development of my Department's Employment Service.

asked the Secretary of State for Employment what consideration he is giving to finding employment for the 63,931 persons at present on the Disabled Persons Register in Scotland.

Of these 63,931 registered disabled persons, only 9,427 are unemployed. Disablement resettlement officers are making every effort to assist them to find employment. If appropriate, courses of industrial rehabilitation or vocational training are recommended. Steps have been taken to increase the training opportunities available to unemployed people, including disabled people, and particularly in the development areas.

asked the Secretary of State for Employment whether he will now announce his intention with regard to the granting of legal aid to individuals appearing as parties to proceedings before the proposed National Industrial Relations Court and industrial tribunals.

asked the Secretary of State for Employment whether legal aid will be available for proceedings under the Industrial Relations Bill.

I would refer the hon. Members to my reply to the hon. Member for Edinburgh, South (Mr. Clark Hutchison) on 16th February, 1971.—[Vol. 811, c. 416–17.]

asked the Secretary of State for Employment what are the redundancy figures for Sheffield for the past five years on a quarterly basis; and if he will give these figures broken down by industries and sex.

I am having the figures extracted and will write to the hon. Member as soon as possible.

asked the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs upon what criteria Her Majesty's Government decided to recognise the new Uganda Government.

When there is a change of Government by revolutionary action Her Majesty's Government's general practice is to recognise de jure the new Government when they consider that it enjoys with a reasonable prospect of permanence, the obedience of the mass of the population and the effective control of much the greater part of the territory of the State concerned. These were the considerations we had in mind in the case of Uganda.

asked the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs whether Her Majesty's Government have been asked or offered to provide, and have provided assistance to flood relief in Mozambique; and whether they have invited the British Red Cross or any other organisation to help.

Her Majesty's Consul-General, Lourenco Marques, was instructed to inquire of the Governor-General of Mozambique whether an offer to the Portuguese Red Cross of assistance in cash would be welcome. The Governor-General was grateful to Her Majesty's Government but indicated that the Portuguese authorities themselves possessed sufficient funds to meet the needs of the situation.

asked the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs upon what criteria Her Majesty's Government decides whether or not to offer assistance in the relief of disasters in Commonwealth, allied and other foreign countries.

Her Majesty's Government's decisions are based on considerations of humanity, the requirements of the situation, the requests of the responsible Government and the assistance being offered by other countries.

asked the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs whether he will publish all official public statements by Her Majesty's Ambassador in Dublin concerning changes in the status of Northern Ireland and in the relationship of the Irish Republic with the United Kingdom which might arise from United Kingdom membership of the European Economic Community.

Her Majesty's Ambassador in Dublin has made no official public statement on this subject. Some comments in the course of a news-

PERCENTAGE RISE OR FALL IN FOOD PRICES IN E.E.C. COUNTRIES, 1966–70
			1966 base	1967	1968	1969	1970
Belgium	…	…	100	+2·5	+4·2	+9·1	+12·9
France	…	…	100	+1·7	+4·9	+11·4	+17·6
Germany	…	…	100	-0·1	-0·9	—	+2·8
Italy	…	…	100	+1·7	+2·0	+5·0	+9·2
Netherlands	…	…	100	+2·3	+4·8	+10·2	+14·9
Luxembourg	…	…	100	+1·3	+5·1	+8·4	+14·2

asked the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs when Her Majesty's Government intends to publish the Denning Report on the dependence of the Jamaican and Windward Islands economies on the growth of bananas.

Lord Denning's Report dealt with his attempt to conciliate in the dispute between the Fyffes Group Ltd.

asked the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, for the purposes of calculating the cost of entry to the United Kingdom, what estimates Her Majesty's Government has made of the future level of the Community Budget.

No one can claim to predict with accuracy the nature and extent of budgetary developments in the Community. For the purpose of the proposals tabled in Brussels which my right hon. Friend the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster explained in his statement of 16th December, we estimated that the Community Budget in 1977 would be 4,500 million dollars compared with its current level of about 3,000 million dollars.—[Vol. 808, c. 1355.]

asked the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs if he will publish a table showing the rise or fall in food prices for 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969 and 1970, respectively, in the European Economic Community countries as a percentage, plus or minus.

The information is given below. The figures are progressive and are related to a common base for the year 1966. The figures for 1970 relate to the first nine months of the year which are the latest figures available.and the Jamaica Banana Board. The report was confidential and Her Majesty's Government have no plans to publish it.

asked the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs if he will undertake, when Her Majesty's Government has reasserted its control of the affairs of Southern Rhodesia, to ensure that financial provision is made towards the re-establishment and reconstruction of the homesteads and villages in their traditional territory of the Tangwena tribe, who have been illegally dispossessed by the Southern Rhodesian régime.

As my noble Friend the Under-Secretary for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs indicated in another place on 27th January the position of the Tangwena tribe gives cause for concern and matters of this sort will be taken into account if we establish that a basis exists for a negotiation under the Five Principles.—[Vol. 314, c. 949–50.]

asked the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (1) if he will publish in the OFFICIAL REPORT a statement indicating the result of inquiries undertaken by the British Ambassador to South Africa concerning compliance of the South African Government with the provisions of the Simonstown Agreement relating to racial discrimination in working conditions and opportunities at the naval base;(2) what inquiries have been undertaken by the British Ambassador to South Africa concerning the compliance of the South African Government with the provisions of the Simonstown Agreement relating to racial discrimination in working conditions and opportunities at the naval base.

Her Majesty's Ambassador in Cape Town was asked to make inquiries through the Department of Foreign Affairs. They have provided the Ambassador with the following information, which confirms that earlier available to him:

1. At the date of transfer of the Simonstown Naval Base on 1st April, 1957, 597 European and 713 non-European employees of the Admiralty were transferred to the South African Navy. Of this number only 23 European and four non-European employees were established, that is to say, held permanent pensionable posts. The remainder were all casuals employed on a 24-hour hire-and-fire basis.

2. At present 854 Europeans and 1,231 non-Europeans are employed in the dockyard. Of this number 540 Europeans and 167 non-Europeans are in permanent pensionable (established) posts. With the expansion of the dockyard these posts are being further increased.

3. More non-Europeans than Europeans have been recruited and appointed subsequent to the transfer.

4. There is no discrimination whatsoever based on colour in the rates of pay for comparable jobs. The conditions of service of all employees irrespective of race are governed by the Public Services Act, 1957.

5. Further privileges now enjoyed by all established employees irrespective of race are, inter alia,

(a) accumulative vacation leave of between 30 and 38 days per annum depending upon length of service, including Admiralty Service, and 120 days sick leave on full pay during a three-year cycle. Under the Admiralty they got ten days leave per annum;

(b) 100 per cent. housing loans plus subsidies on bond repayments;

(c) working hours for industrials reduced from 44 hours per week to 42½ hours per week;

(d) pension contributions reduced from a minimum of 6½ per cent. to a fixed 4 per cent. on pensionable salary;

(e) more posts of titular artisan have been created for employment of semi-skilled non-European labourers;

(f) salaries have nearly doubled: for example, an artisan on 1st April 1957 earned £894 per annum as compared to present salary of £1,725 per annum;

(g) all employees get all the paid public holidays of the Republic of South Africa;

(h) all employees are eligible to join the Civil Servants' Medical Benefit Association under which approximately four-fifths of all medical expenses for an employee and his dependents are paid for by the Association.

6. Several former non-European employees of the Admiralty have been transferred to the public service where they now fill senior posts in other Government Departments.

7. No European or non-European ex-Admiralty employees or those recruited subsequently have been dismissed from the service other than through gross misconduct or inefficiency.

8. From the foregoing it will be seen that the South African Government complied in all respects with the conditions laid down in the Simonstown Agreement and has in fact improved considerably thereon.

My right hon. Friend told the House on 26th November, 1970 that our information was that the South African Government were fulfilling their obligations and I have no reason to change this view.

asked the Secretary of State for the Home Department (1) why he is to remove the six months' time limit within which illegal immigrants must be prosecuted; and whether he will make a statement;(2) to what extent the Government's proposals for immigration will be affected by any present known terms of Britain's entry into the European Economic Community on the assumption that the full Rome Treaty terms are observed;(3) why he is to give extra police powers in his Immigration Bill; and what action he proposes to take concerning the abolition of the automatic five year residential qualification for United Kingdom citizenship on the part of immigrants;(4) why he is to introduce a system of compulsory registration of immigrants and to give police the power to stop immigrants to ask to see their papers; and whether he will make a statement;(5) why he is to introduce a system of work vouchers to immigrants granted for a specific short-stay period, for a specific part of the country, subject to annual renewal; and whether he will make a statement;(6) why he is to withdraw from immigrants their automatic right of citizenship after five years of residential qualification and institute a system of granting this to immigrants with a good character and a good understanding of English; and whether he will make a statement.

I would invite the hon. Member to await the publication of the Immigration Bill, which will soon be introduced.

asked the Secretary of State for the Home Department whether he will cause an investigation to be made to ascertain how Mr. Praful Patel, Secretary of the Committee on United Kingdom Citizenship, was able to give to the Press full details of the proposed Bill on immigration on Friday, 12th February, 1971, before it had been presented to Parliament; and whether he will make a statement.

I would refer the hon. Member to the reply I gave to a question by my hon. Friend the Member for Chigwell (Mr. Biggs-Davison) on this subject yesterday.—[Vol. 811, c. 532–3.]

asked the Lord President of the Council whether he will so adjust the Parliamentary Question timetable that questions to the Lord Advocate will begin no later than No. 25 on the days when the Secretary of State for Scotland is top of the list.

I am always willing to discuss changes to the Question Roster. The matter raised can be borne in mind when the Roster for the post-Easter period is considered.

asked the Minister of Posts and Telecommunications whether, in view of the proposed increase in the licence, he will consider extending the concession regarding television licences at present available to certain old people's homes to registered homes for disabled persons.

No. The special licence for old persons' homes was not provided as a welfare concession but to correct an anomaly in the licensing requirements for old persons' homes. There was no anomaly in the case of homes for the disabled and it would not be appropriate to extend the licence to these types of homes.

asked the Secretary of State for Scotland what types of places of employment come under his jurisdiction in so far as fire-prevention provision is concerned.

None directly, but the local authority fire brigades, with whose efficiency I am closely concerned, are very active in fire prevention duties including work in connection with the Factories Act, 1961 and the Offices, Shops and Railway Premises Act, 1963.

asked the Secretary of State for Social Services, in view of the firm offer to purchase Darvell Hall Hospital which, for reasons set out in the letter from the hon. Member for Rye on 13th January can only remain valid for a few more weeks, when he expects to have established that there is no other Crown use for the property and a decision to be taken on when a sale by auction or private treaty may be expected.

I hope to know by mid-March whether there is any proposal for other Crown use of the property.

asked the Secretary of State for Social Services what follow-up care is given to women whose request for abortion has been refused.

This would depend on circumstances. If the woman is referred back to her own doctor it would then be for him to arrange access to any services or facilities which may be required.

asked the Secretary of State for Social Services if he is satisfied that all public hospitals now have a reliable alternative source of electricity for immediate use in the event of a failure or disconnection of normal supplies; and if he will make a statement.

To equip all hospitals with stand-by electricity arrangements of a type which would operate automatically in the event of failure of the public supply would cost more than could be justified by the need. I would also refer my hon. Friend to my reply to him on 5th February.—[Vol. 810, c. 474.]

asked the Secretary of State for Social Services when he expects to be able to announce the building of a new hospital to serve the Skelmersdale New Town area.

Officers of my Department and the Liverpool Regional Hospital Board are discussing the location of hospital services for the Ormskirk and Skelmersdale areas. I cannot say when a decision will be reached.

asked the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry whether, in view of recent collisions in the English Channel, he will seek to secure an international standard of competence for masters of ships and for navigating officers and ensure its regular enforcement.

Following the "Torrey Canyon" disaster a joint Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organisation/International Labour Office study on the practicability of applying international standards of competency and certification to officers and crews concluded that introduction of such standards would give rise to considerable practical difficulties.However, the Organisations circulated a comprehensive International Maritime Training Guide containing detailed recommendations to Governments on the training and qualifications of navigating officers and crew. The Guide is being kept up to date and should lead to an all-round improvement in training standards. Her Majesty's Government will continue to play a major part in this work and in further action, both national and international, to improve standards of competency among seafarers.

asked the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry if he will publish the names and the terms of reference of the committee investigating property bonds schemes.

My right hon. Friend informed my hon. Friend the Member for Leicester, South-West (Mr. Tom Boardman) on 10th February of the terms of reference of the committee and of the name of the Chairman and explained that he would announce the names of the other members in due course.—[Vol. 811, c. 187–8.]

asked the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry what recommendations of the Holland Martin Report upon safety of trawling vessels have yet to be implemented; and which of these he is ready to take action upon.

Recommendations in the Holland-Martin Report for action by either the Government or the industry which remain to be implemented include some of those on radio communications, design, construction and equipment of trawlers, research and development, conditions of work, training and management.The Government have undertaken to consult the industry before making rules under the Fishing Vessels (Safety Provisions) Act, 1970 or taking other action on Holland-Martin recommendations. Preparatory work on the rules is proceeding and I am expecting such consultations to take place shortly.

asked the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry whether he is satisfied with the system for the registration of labour for the deep sea fishing fleet in major ports such as Hull; and whether he contemplates a training board for the industry.

These registration schemes are non-statutory and are managed by the industry itself. There is therefore no requirement for information about their operation to be supplied to the Department. Industrial training boards are the responsibility of my right hon. Friend the Secretary of State for Employment.

asked the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry whether he will make a statement regarding safety precautions now being taken in connection with the conversion of premises in the Ipswich area to North Sea gas.

This is a matter for the Eastern Gas Board and I have asked the Chairman to get in touch with the hon. Member.

asked the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry if he will publish a full list of tariff charges that would apply to countries outside the Common Market and excluding other applicant countries, should Great Britain join the European Economic Community, showing the new rates compared with the rates that would otherwise apply at that time and specifying separately those countries enjoying preferential access for products that would be subject to the common external tariff.

No. The existing United Kingdom duties would be progressively changed over a transitional period. Thereafter the United Kingdom would charge the full and various preferential rates of duty laid down in the European Economic Community's tariff legislation. The details, particularly as to timing and the application of particular rates to particular countries, depend on the outcome of the present negotiations with the Community, and the results will, of course, be published in due course if the United Kingdom joins the European Economic Community.

asked the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry in view of the record of second-hand car dealings in this country, if he will arrange for his Department to publish, Buying a Second-hand Car, which was the Consumer Council's last publication before its disbandment, or to arrange to have it published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office.

No. I understand that ample supplies of this free booklet have already been issued through Citizens' Advice Bureaux and other channels customarily used by the Council.

asked the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry whether, in view of the fact that Her Majesty's Government are opposed to trade and shipping boycotts, including the Arab States' boycott of firms trading with Israel, and to any outside interference with British companies' freedom to trade, he will convey these views to Mobil Shipping and to ships' chandlers generally throughout Great Britain, and urge them to act accordingly in deciding their attitude towards such boycotts.

No. I am sure that Her Majesty's Government's attitude towards such boycotts is well known to British industry and commerce.

asked the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry what representations he has received from foreign Governments following the introduction in the Linesman Mediator system of air traffic control.

None.

asked the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry whether he will permit the implementa- tion of the European Consultative Aviation Committee recommendation No. 6 about student non-affinity charter flights on the North Atlantic route.

The Air Transport Licensing Board are aware of this recommendation and are free to implement it in licensing British airlines. When considering applications from foreign carriers I follow, so far as possible, the course set by the A.T.L.B., provided foreign administrations give reciprocal treatment.

asked the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry whether he will give a general direction to the Air Registration Board to reexamine operational requirements of the spoilers on aircraft flown by British airlines, following the recent accident report on an Air Canada DC8 crash at Toronto Airport.

No. As a result of the accident referred to, the Department consulted the Air Registration Board and on their advice checked that proper operating drills were laid down by British operators of aircraft with spoiler systems similar to those of the DC8. Pilots were also warned of the dangers attending any departure from these drills.

asked the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry what proposals he has for the introduction of passenger car safety regulations along similar lines to current American and European legislation.

I have been asked to reply.British regulations on car safety already exist and are subject to continual scrutiny. In amending them we have regard to foreign standards appropriate to our conditions, and we participate actively in international discussions aimed at harmonising standards wherever possible.

asked the Chancellor of the Exchequer (1) what is the average level of earned income for persons living in the mid-Wales counties of Merioneth, Cardigan, Montgomery, Brecon and Radnor; and how this compares with the average for the United Kingdom;(2) what is the average earned income of persons living in Wales.

The estimates below relate to the year 1968–69, the latest year for which figures are available.

		Average earned income before tax per head of population 1968–69
			£
united kingdom	…	…	460
Wales	…	…	350
Merioneth	…	…	225
Cardigan	…	…	290
Montgomery	…	…	285
Brecon	…	…	250
Radnor	…	…	265

The estimates, which are subject to wide margins of error, are derived from the results of the 1968–69 survey of personal incomes which excludes incomes below £275 a year. The population figures, which relate to mid-1968, include all persons in the areas concerned whether or not they have an income.

asked the Chancellor of the Exchequer what proposal the Crown Estate Commissioner will make for the use or disposal of the Kensington Barracks site.

The site of Kensington Barracks has been ear-marked provisionally by the Crown Estate Commissioners for development for diplomatic purposes when the occupation by the military ceases.

asked the Chancellor of the Exchequer what his estimate of the cost to the revenue in the financial year 1971–72 of providing reduced rate income tax bands of 32p and 26p of £250, £500, £1,000 and £1,500.

The cost for 1970–71 of reduced rate bands with the different widths suggested charged at 32p or 26p would be approximately as follows:

			£m
Band			at 32p	at 26p
£
250	…	…	325	600
500	…	…	525	1,000
1,000	…	…	700	1,300
1,500	…	…	750	1,400

asked the Chancellor of the Exchequer whether in his forthcoming Budget, he will give full details of the extent to which the Government have reduced expenditure, reduced the numbers of civil servants and Government offices and saved on salaries of civil servants in general and the higher paid grades in particular.

I cannot anticipate my right hon. Friend's Budget statement.

asked the Chancellor of the Exchequer whether, in the light of submissions made to him recently by seven voluntary charitable organisations regarding the 22 per cent. purchase tax on animal foods, he will reconsider the position regarding this rate of tax in his forthcoming Budget.

I will keep these representations in mind.

asked the Chancellor of the Exchequer (1) what was the current account surplus or deficit on United Kingdom trade with Common Market countries in the years 1960 and 1970;(2) what were the figures on current account for United Kingdom trade with the Common Market countries in the years 1960 and 1970; and what was the percentage increase.

Estimates of United Kingdom visible trade with Common Market countries on a balance of payments basis for the years 1959 to 1969 are published in Table 9 of the Balance of Payments Pink Book. Estimates on this basis for 1970 are not yet available. The percentage increase between 1959 and 1969 in exports and imports was 158 per cent. and 180 per cent. respectively.