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Written Answers

Volume 27: debated on Thursday 8 July 1982

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Written Answers To Questions

Thursday 8 July 1982

Prime Minister

Falklands Casualties (Burial)

asked the Prime Minister if Her Majesty's Government have yet reached a decision about whether to permit the bodies of troops killed in the Falklands to be brought back for burial in the United Kingdom.

After considering all aspects of this most difficult problem, including the practical difficulties involved, and having read the letters I have received from the next-of-kin of those killed and others, I have decided that, where next-of-kin wish, arrangements will be made for the return to the United Kingdom of the bodies of the fallen who have been given temporary burial on land in the Falkland Islands. Where next-of-kin wish the bodies to remain in the Falkland Islands they will be buried with all due ceremony at Port Stanley. Arrangements will be made for close relatives to visit the graves if they so wish; and similar arrangements will be made for close relatives of those lost or buried at sea who wish to visit the Falkland Islands.

Engagements

Q5.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for 8 July.

Q6.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for 8 July.

Q7.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q8.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q12.

asked the Prime Minister if she will state her official engagements for 8 July.

Q13.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for 8 July.

Q14.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q15.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q16.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q17.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q18.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for 8 July.

Q19.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q20.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q21.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q22.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q23.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q24.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q25.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for 8 July.

Q26.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q28.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q29.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q30.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q31.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q32.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q33.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for 8 July.

Q34.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for 8 July.

Q35.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q36.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q37.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q38.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q39.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q41.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for 8 July.

Q42.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q43.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q44.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for 8 July.

Q46.

asked the Prime Minister whether she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q47.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q48.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q49.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q50.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for 8 July.

Q51.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q52.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for 8 July.

Q53.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for Thursday 8 July.

Q54.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for 8 July.

asked the Prime Minister if she will list her official engagements for 8 July.

This morning I presided at a meeting of the Cabinet and had meetings with ministerial colleagues and others. In addition to my duties in the House I shall be having further meetings later today.

Disarmament

Q9.

asked the Prime Minister whether she will consider appointing a Cabinet Minister with the sole concern of disarmament.

No. Responsibility for international agreements on arms control and disarmament lies primarily with my right hon. Friend the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs. These agreements can strengthen the arrangements we make for our security through the NATO Alliance. Responsibility within the Cabinet for the latter lies with my right hon. Friend the Secretary of State for Defence. There is close co-ordination between the two Departments, and I see no need to change a system that is working well.

Parliamentary Constituencies

Q10.

asked the Prime Minister in respect of how many constituencies the Boundary Commission has made final recommendations; and if she will make a statement.

The final recommendations of the Boundary Commission for England will not be known until it submits the report of its current general review to my right hon. Friend the Secretary of State for the Home Department. I can, however, tell the House that it has so far published provisional recommendations for 523 parliamentary constituencies.The Scottish and Welsh Commissions hope to complete their reviews by the end of 1982 and to submit their reports as soon as practicable thereafter. The Northern Ireland Commission is likely to submit its report during the summer.

Argentina (Arms Supplies)

Q11.

asked the Prime Minister whether any discussions have taken place between Her Majesty's Government and the Government of France about the export of Exocet and other weapons to Argentina via third parties; and if she will make a statement.

We have been in constant touch with the French Government on this question since the Argentine invasion of the Falklands. The details of our exchanges remain confidential.

Mr David Kitson

Q27.

asked the Prime Minister what representations have been made by Her Majesty's Government to the South African Government in the past month to secure the release from detention of Mr. David Kitson.

We are in regular touch with the South African authorities over various aspects of Mr. Kitson's case including the possibility of early release. We were informed last month that his case will be considered under the review of security prisoners' sentences announced by the South African Minister of Justice on 12 May. We shall continue to pursue this matter.

Gibraltar

Q40.

asked the Prime Minister whether she will make a statement on the latest situation regarding Gibraltar.

Implementation of the 1980 Lisbon agreement, which would have included the lifting of Spanish restrictions, has been postponed at the request of Spain. We regret this further delay in carrying out the agreement, to which, however, both sides remain committed. My right hon. Friend the Foreign and Commonwealth Secretary discussed the implications of continued closure of the border with the Governor of Gibraltar on 23 June. The Minister of State, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Lord Belstead, will be visiting Gibraltar from 21–23 July to assess the situation at first hand.

Trades Union Congress

Q45.

asked the Prime Minister when next she intends to meet the leaders of the Trades Union Congress.

Swalecliffe (Coastal Protection)

asked the Prime Minister what priority Her Majesty's Government attach to a coast protection scheme at Swalecliffe.

Litigation has been started by the local authority against the decision of my right hon. Friend on Canterbury city council's application for approval to proposed works at Swalecliffe. In the circumstances it would not be proper for me to make any comment concerning the subject matter of the litigation.

Transport

British Rail (Grant)

asked the Secretary of State for Transport what payments of public service obligation grants he is making to the British Railways Board during the current disruption of railway services caused by the ASLEF strike.

Grant is due to the board under section 3 of the Railways Act, 1974 as compensation for complying with the formal obligation placed on it under that Act to operate the passenger railway. Since the strike by ASLEF has prevented it from complying with this obligation from Sunday, 4 July, payments of grant have been suspended. If the situation changes, and the board is successful in its efforts to run an adequate level of service, I shall be prepared to reconsider the position.

Defence

Service Personnel (Leave)

asked the Secretary of State for Defence whether Service personnel who have served in the task force are to be awarded any additional leave; and if he will set out details of such leave entitlement in the Official Report.

Leave will be granted in accordance with the existing regulations and we have no current plans to grant leave specifically because of the Falklands operation. Existing regulations provide a basic leave allowance of 30, 36 or 42 days depending on Service, seniority, and location. Additional leave is granted when Service men have been away from base for an extended period. In particular, Royal Navy personnel are allowed one extra day's leave for each two months served at sea, and Army and Royal Air Force personnel are allowed an extra seven days' disembarkation leave if they spend over three months outside North-West Europe.

Hms "Endurance"

asked the Secretary of State for Defence what further consideration he has now given to the future operations and employment of HMS "Endurance" around the British Falkland Islands and dependencies and the waters of the South-West Atlantic; what conclusions and decisions he has made; and if he will make a statement.

I refer the hon. Member to the statement by my right hon. Friend on 1 July.—[Vol. 26, c. 1058.]

Argentina (Order Of Battle)

asked the Secretary of State for Defence what is now known about the Argentine order of battle (a) at the time of its illegal occupation of the Falkland Islands and (b) at the time of surrender of its armed forces; and what is the known number of Argentine dead and seriously wounded.

At the time of Argentina's illegal occupation of the Falkland Islands representative elements of the Argentine order of battle were:

Navy: 1 aircraft carrier, 1 cruiser, 6 destroyers, 3 frigates, 4 submarines.
Army: Over 100,000 men, including conscripts.
Air—including Naval and Army elements: About 210 fixed wing combat aircraft, 9 Hercules transports, and about 150 helicopters of all types.
At the time of surrender, Argentine forces had lost one cruiser, one submarine, over 90 fixed wing aircraft and helicopters, and a large quantity of army vehicles, stores and weapons. More detailed information will be published as soon as possible.63 Argentinians are known to have been buried by our forces on the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and at sea.

In addition, our forces shot down more than 70 Argentine aircraft whose pilots must be presumed dead. Argentine sources have stated that 368 men died as a result of the sinking of the cruiser "Belgrano".

A total of 150 Argentine wounded were treated in British field hospitals and hospital ships. The number of dead and wounded repatriated to Argentina before the final surrender, together with those who fell in areas mined by their own forces, and those who were buried by their own forces where conditions make it difficult to identify graves, would add to these figures.

Falkland Islands

asked the Secretary of State for Defence (1) what is the total number of (a) Service personnel and (b) members of the Merchant Marine still in hospital as a result of wounds in the Falklands conflict; how many have experienced severe burning; how many have lost limbs, hearing or their sight; and what arrangements are made for financial assistance and compensation, whether in conjunction with voluntary agencies or by the Government direct;(2) what was the total number of

(a) Her Majesty's Forces and (b) members of the Merchant Marine who sustained injuries during the Falklands conflict, other than superficial injuries treated in field hospitals, which required significant treatment in a hospital ship and subsequent repatriation; how many have since been discharged from United Kingdom hospitals; how many of these remain fit for active service, following treatment; how many will be unable to continue in the service owing to the gravity of their wounds; and what are the arrangements for compensation for those discharged as a result of their wounds in the service of their country.

446 Service personnel and four merchant seamen sustained injuries requiring significant treatment and have been repatriated to United Kingdom hospitals. Of these, 340 Service personnel have now left hospital. So far, 42 of the Service personnel are fit for active service. It is too soon to say how many will be unable to continue to serve.106 Service personnel and four merchant seamen remain in United Kingdom hospitals as a result of wounds sustained in the Falklands conflict. Of these 18 Service men have experienced severe burning, six have lost limbs, two have lost their sight, and five have sustained serious head injuries which may result in the loss of sight or loss of the use of limbs.A Service man who is invalided for reasons directly attributable to his service receives both a tax-free lump sum payment and tax-free index-linked pensions from both the Ministry of Defence and the Department of Health and Social Security. The amounts will depend upon the length of service, salary, and the extent of disability. For example, a private with a 100 per cent. disability with five years' service over the age of 18 would receive a tax-free lump sum of £5,438 and tax-free pensions totalling £3,966; a warrant officer I with a 50 per cent. disability with 20 years' service would receive a tax-free lump sum of £13,000 and tax-free pensions totalling £4,700.A merchant seaman would also receive a DHSS war disability pension—if he was a United Kingdom national—and, under National. Maritime Board arrangements, a lump sum paid by his employer depending on the degree of his disability. A rating with 100 per cent. disability would receive £26,000. In addition, individual employers may have arrangements to provide additional benefit.The Service charities can provide additional financial assistance in cases of need or hardship to both Service personnel and merchant seamen, and their dependants. Where this is caused by the Falklands operation such assistance will be paid for out of the South Atlantic fund.

asked the Secretary of State for Defence whether the International Red Cross has brought to the notice of the Government any alleged breaches of the Geneva convention, either by Her Majesty's Government or by the Argentines during the Falklands conflict; and whether any issues have arisen regarding the return to the battlefield of members of Her Majesty's forces returned to the United Kingdom by Argentina after the initial invasion of the Falklands.

asked the Secretary of State for Defence how many instances have been verified by forces at Port Stanley of breaches of the Geneva convention concerning the marking of buildings with a red cross; and if he will identify the uses to which buildings so marked were being put.

asked the Secretary of State for Defence how many Service men were injured in the Falklands war; and what was the extent of injuries in each case.

Seven hundred and fifty-nine Service personnel suffered non-fatal injuries in the Falkland Islands conflict. Details of the categories of their injuries have not been compiled. I shall write to the hon. Member when more information is available.

South Georgia (Argentine Prisoner)

asked the Secretary of State for Defence whether the findings of the inquiry into the death of an Argentine prisoner on South Georgia have now been studied; and what has been the outcome of this incident.

Direct Entry Officer Cadets

asked the Secretary of State for Defence what proportions of the direct entry officer cadets come from independent and State schools; and, of the latter, how many come from grammar and from comprehensive schools, respectively.

In the latest year for which figures are available 69 per cent. of male officer entrants to the Royal Navy—excluding direct entry graduate officers—and 75 per cent. of male officer entrants to the RAF were educated at State schools. Details of the numbers who attended State grammar and State comprehensive schools are not readily available; nor are details of the educational background of Army officers.

South Atlantic Fund

asked the Secretary of State for Defence how the money raised by the South Atlantic fund will be applied.

Payments will be made to existing Service benevolent funds and other appropriate charities which will themselves decide how best to meet the needs of the individuals involved.

Aircraft (Cost)

asked the Secretary of State for Defence (1) what is the unit cost of the 14 Sea Harrier planes ordered from British Aerospace and announced on 1 July;(2) what is the unit cost of

(a) the 16 Sea King helicopters and (b) the 60 AV8B Harriers, the orders for which were announced on 1 July.

I am unable to add to the statement by my right hon. Friend the Secretary of State for Defence during the defence debate on 1 July—[Vol. 26, c. 1058]—that the equipment orders he was announcing on that occasion would be subject to satisfactory terms of contract, including price. These terms will be the subject of commercially confidential negotiations.

Type 23 Frigate (Design And Development Cost)

asked the Secretary of State for Defence what is the estimated cost of the design and development work with Yarrow Limited on a type 23 frigate announced on 1 July.

It is not the practice to reveal such figures in advance of the necessary contractual action.

Military Personnel (Secondment)

asked the Secretary of State for Defence if he will list the 30 overseas Governments who currently have military personnel from the United Kingdom on loan to them.

asked the Secretary of State for Defence if he will give an analysis by country of the 660 Service personnel on loan to foreign Governments in 1982 referred to at paragraph 231 of the "Statement on the Defence Estimates 1982", Cmnd. 8529–1.

The following table lists the countries to which members of Her Majesty's Armed Forces are on loan, as at 1 July 1982.

  • Australia
  • Bahamas
  • Bahrain
  • Bangladesh
  • Barbados
  • Belize
  • Bermuda
  • Brunei
  • Dubai
  • Ecuador
  • Fiji
  • Ghana
  • Hong Kong
  • Indonesia
  • Jordan
  • Kenya
  • Kuwait
  • Malaysia
  • Mauritius
  • New Zealand
  • Nigeria
  • Oman
  • Qatar
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Singapore
  • Sri Lanka
  • St. Vincent
  • Sudan
  • Swaziland
  • Uganda
  • United Arab Emirates
  • Zimbabwe
It is not the practice to disclose numbers of personnel in individual countries; such arrangements between Governments are confidential.

Hatfield And Dunscroft (Low-Flying Aircraft)

asked the Secretary of State for Defence why there has been an increased incidence of low-flying military aircraft over the Hatfield and Dunscroft area of South Yorkshire during recent weeks; and how soon this activity will end.

There is normally some increase in low flying activities in the summer months to take advantage of longer daylight hours and more favourable weather conditions. In June the weather was generally better in the North of England than the South resulting in an increase in the number of sorties in this area.

Departmental Land Purchases

asked the Secretary of State for Defence how many pieces of land, and of what acreage, have been purchased by, or on behalf of, his Department, in Wales during the past 12 months; and if he will list these, by county, indicating the purpose for which each purchase was made.

Since 1 July 1981 six pieces of land in Wales have been purchased as follows:

LocationAcreagePurpose of Acquisition
Milford Haven Dyfed6·57 acresProvision of rail
access to the Depot
Dering Lines0·28 acresImprovement of
Brecon Powys0·80 acresaccess to the Camp
Sennybridge1·12 acresExtension of the
Powys0·16 acrestraining area
RAF Valley Gwynedd202 sq ydsProvision of a site
for a pump station

Falklands Garrison

asked the Secretary of State for Defence what arrangements there will be for those men now forming the permanent garrison on the Falklands to have leave to return home; when men of the Welsh Guards and of the Scots Guards will be allowed home on leave; and whether any special arrangements are to be made to allow wives and children of those permanently based on the Falklands to live there.

The units involved in the operation to recapture the Falkland Islands will be returning to the United Kingdom as soon as possible. Members of the 2nd and 3rd battalions, the Parachute Regiment, who were among the first to deploy to the South Atlantic, have already come back, and the majority of 3 Cdo Brigade are on their way home. The return of the other units concerned, including the Welsh and Scots Guards from 5 Infantry Brigade will be arranged as soon as possible. Further information on the planned dates will be given in the near future. Plans for the longer-term garrison are under consideration.

Career Information Offices (Wales)

asked the Secretary of State for Defence if he will publish a list of the permanent recruiting offices that the Armed Services have in Wales.

Career information offices are located in Wales as follows:

TownService
BangorArmy/RAF
CardiffArmy/RAF
CardiffRoyal Navy
LlanelliArmy
Merthyr TydfylArmy
NewportArmy/RAF
PembrokeArmy
PontypriddArmy
RhylArmy
SwanseaRoyal Navy
SwanseaArmy
SwanseaRAF
WrexhamRoyal Navy/RAF
WrexhamArmy

Research Contracts

asked the Secretary of State for Defence if he will list the educational establishments in Wales currently involved in research work under contract from his Department; how many personnel are involved; when these contracts were established; for how long they will continue; and what is the nature and cost of the contract projects at each location.

I refer the hon. Gentleman to a list, placed in the House of Commons Library on 21 June—vote entry 705, line 4—which shows all research studies placed by the Ministry of Defence at British universities and polytechnics from 1979 to 1981, together with the estimated cost in each case. Two of the studies shown in the list have now terminated; but the following additional studies, initiated before 1979 or after 1981, are taking place at the University of Wales—estimated costs shown in brackets in £000s:

  • The Behaviour of Pressed 1'lates on Girder Webs under Combined Loading Stress (35)
  • Investigation of Running-In and Scuffing Failure of Gears (35)
  • Health and Safety Aspects of Chemicals (45)
  • Cathodic Protection in Closed Marine Environments (75)
  • Spray Preened Blade Coatings (90)
  • Microstructures of DS002 (20)
The duration of university research studies depends on a number of considerations, among which is the progress of the research in question. In general, studies are for two or three years in the first instance, with the possibility of subsequent extension. One of the studies listed above has been in progress since 1975. A total of 15 full-time research workers are involved at the University of Wales.

Radio South Atlantic

asked the Secretary of State for Defence what assessment he has made of the effectiveness of Radio South Atlantic in influencing members of the Argentine armed forces during the recent conflict on and around the Falkland Islands.

The aim of Radio Atlantico del Sur was to make the Argentine forces on the Falkland Islands aware of events in the South Atlantic and of world news and opinion on the crisis, free of the censorship of the Argentine Government. It is difficult to judge the effect of such an operation, which is inevitably less tangible than that of purely military activities. However, some indication of the concern of the Argentine Government may well be demonstrated by their regular, though largely unsuccessful, attempts to jam the broadcasts.

Royal Marines

asked the Secretary of State for Defence if he will make the necessary arrangements for the "Canberra" to dock at Plymouth so that Royal Marines stationed in and around Plymouth may disembark there rather than at Southampton.

No. Both Southampton and Plymouth were considered as possible ports for the return of the Royal Marines of 3 Commando Brigade and "Canberra". However, it would have been necessary at Plymouth to disembark over 2,000 men in the Sound by helicopter, lighter and landing craft: this would have been a difficult operation, and would have seriously delayed getting the men ashore and reuniting them with their families. The ship and her crew would then have had to sail to Southampton. The men on board the "Canberra" were consulted and expressed a wish for a joint homecoming to Southampton because of the bond which had developed between them, the ship, and the crew during their operations together in the South Atlantic.

asked the Secretary of State for Defence if he will make the necessary arrangements for the coaches carrying the Royal Marines and their families to travel through the centre of Plymouth to enable members of the public to greet them.

I understand that the Lord Mayor of Plymouth and the flag officer Plymouth have now agreed that in order not to delay the return of the Royal Marines and their families, many with young children, to their own homes, the coaches should make their way as quickly as possible direct to the Royal Marines barracks. However, a welcoming party is being organised on the outskirts of Plymouth before the coaches reach the barracks.

Trade

Bankruptcies

asked the Secretary of State for Trade how many bankruptcies have taken place since May 1979, region by region and industry by industry.

Bankruptcies handled by the county courts in each region for the calendar years 1979 to 1981 are given in the following table. The figures relate to net cases administered and are given for complete years because the quarterly figures are less reliable and not on exactly the same basis. No similar analysis is possible for company liquidations. An industry analysis for England and Wales for the same period, for both bankruptcies and company liquidations, was published in British Business 30 April 1982, page 821, and figures for the first quarter of 1982 are due for publication on 23 July. The total for England and Wales implied by the regional analysis is less than that in table 2 of the article, as the latter includes deeds of arrangement, for which no regional breakdown is available.

Bankruptcies
EnglandTotal for 1979–81
South East4,831
East Anglia461
South West1,081
West Midlands959
East Midlands731
Yorks and Humberside949
North West1,350
North464
Wales740
Total England and Wales11,566
Scotland437
Great Britain Total12,003

Copyright

asked the Minister for Trade (1) when he expects to conclude his consultations following the Green Paper on copyright;(2) what evidence he has received in response to the Green Paper on copyright;(3) when he expects to introduce legislation to amend the Copyright Act 1956;(4) whether he has had consultations with the record and video industries concerning the level of copyright infringement;(5) what evidence he has as to the level of audio and video piracy;(6) what progress he has made in consultation with other European Economic Community countries on the harmonisation of copyright law; and when he expects such consultations to be concluded.

Since the Green Paper on "Copyright, Designs and Performers' Protection", Cmnd. 8302, was published in July 1981, my Department has received 180 written responses. They relate to all aspects of the subject.On 24 March this year, in a reply to my hon. Friend the Member for Bebington and Ellesmere Port (Mr. Porter)—[Vol. 20, c. 179]—I announced that I would like all comments on the Green Paper to reach my Department by the end of August. The Commission of the European Communities expects to publish a memorandum later this year as a preliminary towards harmonisation of copyright law throughout the Community, and the setting of the Green Paper response deadline was necessary to ensure that we can enter the subsequent negotiations within the Community with a full knowledge of the needs of the United Kingdom interests. No consultations have yet taken place within the Community. Because of these Community considerations it is not yet possible to say when new copyright legislation can be introduced.Bodies representing the record and video industries have sent comments on the Green Paper to my Department, and they have indicated their concern at the level of copyright infringement in certain areas. In addition, my hon. Friend the Member for Birmingham, Hall Green (Mr. Eyre), the then Under-Secretary of State, when he was responsible for copyright, met representatives of the record industry to discuss the matter. More recently my hon. Friend the Under-Secretary of State has received representations from various sectors of the film and video industry on video piracy.According to the 1982 year book of the British Phonographic Industries Limited the level of piracy of gramophone records and audio tapes in the United Kingdom is less than 5 per cent. of the total retail turnover. However, a recent survey commissioned by the British Videogram Association suggests that as many as 75 per cent. fo the video cassettes available for retail sale may be pirate copies. In an Adjournment debate on 11 June on video piracy, initated by my hon. Friend the Member for Howden (Sir P. Bryan), my hon. Friend the Under-Secretary of State reiterated the Government's concern at the growth of video piracy and their intention to strengthen and improve remedies available to copyright owners.

Eurocontrol

asked the Minister for Trade why internal flights in the United Kingdom are charged to Eurocontrol; and why this is not the case in France and Austria.

It is the policy of Her Majesty's Government that the costs incurred in providing air navigation services should be met by the users of those services. Hence, with certain limited exceptions, flights in the United Kingdom airspace are charged for the facilities, and invoiced by Eurocontrol on behalf of the Civil Aviation Authority. I understand that Austria and France as a matter of national policy do not recover costs in this way for flights which take place wholly within their borders—irrespective of the nationality of the operator. The associated costs are, however, excluded in the calculation of charges for international flights through the airspace of those two countries.

Power Boats (Safety Training)

asked the Minister for Trade if he will take steps to ensure the provision of safety training for those intending to operate power boats; and if he will make a statement.

I fully share my hon. Friend's concern with this matter, and particularly with the sad accident off Littlehampton last weekend when four people were drowned.My Department does all it can to promote awareness of the need for safety measures. The seaway code is the subject of a major advertising campaign. The Coastguard operates the yacht and boat safety scheme, providing advice in all sorts of ways. Local broadcasts are a great help. But there are over 700,000 small boats now in United Kingdom waters and I cannot give an assurance that safety training will be available to all who are likely to use them. As the Littlehampton accident showed, some elementary precautions would help enormously: life jackets should always be worn, and boats should not be taken to sea when the weather is poor and getting worse. I urge everyone who uses a small boat to follow the advice set out in the seaway code.

Aviation Security Fund

asked the Minister for Trade what is the present financial position of the aviation security fund.

I have placed in the Library of both Houses today a background paper which explains the present financial position of the aviation security fund and sets out revised estimates of income and expenditure up to 31 March 1983. Draft amendment regulations extending the present 40p reduction in the rate of the aviation security levy—from 1·50 to 1·10—from the end of August 1982 to the end of March 1983 are currently before Parliament.

Employment

Skillcentre (Charlton)

asked the Secretary of State for Employment what representations he has received about the planned closure of the Charlton skillcentre; and what reply he has given.

The chief executive of the London borough of Greenwich has written to me about the Manpower Services Commission's decision to transfer the classes now running at Charlton skillcentre to the new skillcentre at Deptford. I am sending the hon. Member a copy of my reply.

Unemployment (Derbyshire)

asked the Secretary of State for Employment what proportion of unemployed men over 54 years of age have been without a job for more than one year in the county of Derbyshire.

At 15 April, the latest date for which the quarterly figures are available, 49·7 per cent. of all unemployed males aged 55 years and over in the county of Derbyshire had been on the register for over 52 weeks.

Public Sector Employees (Disablement)

asked the Secretary of State for Employment if he has any information that would enable him to identify the number of employees in the public sector, such as nurses, policemen and firemen, who have become disabled in the course of their work; and to what extent these have been re-employed as a result of retraining.

Trade Unions (Political Funds)

asked the Secretary of State for Employment if he will list those trade unions having a political fund pursuant to the Trade Union Act 1913 where (a) half or less and (b) between half and three quarters of the members contribute to the fund, giving the figures for the latest convenient date.

I understand from the certification officer that 61 unions currently maintain a political fund. Of these, the annual returns made to him for the year ended 31 December 1980, which is the latest date for which comprehensive information is available, show that the following had half or less of the membership contributing to the political fund:

  • Amalgamated Association of Beamers Twisters and Drawers (Hand and Machine)
  • Association of Cinematograph Television and Allied Technicians
  • Association of Scientific Technical and Managerial Staffs Cloth Pressers' Society
  • Liverpool Victoria Section of the National Union of Insurance Workers
  • National League of the Blind and Disabled
  • National Union of Mineworkers (Durham Area)
  • National Union of Mineworkers (Northumberland Area)
  • National Union of Scalemakers
  • National Union of Seamen
  • Society of Shuttlemakers
  • The following had between half and three quarters contributing to the political fund.
  • Amalgamated Society of Boilermakers Shipwrights Blacksmiths and Structural Workers
  • Amalgamated Union of Engineering Workers (Constructional Section)
  • Amalgamated Union of Engineering Workers (Technical Administrative and Supervisory Section)
  • Association of Patternmakers and Allied Craftsmen
  • Association of Professional Executive Clerical and Computer Staff
  • Fire Brigades Union
  • Furniture Timber and Allied Trades Union
  • Iron and Steel Trade's Confederation
  • National Association of Theatrical Television and Kine Employees
  • National Union of Blast Furnacemen, Ore Miners, Coke Workers and Kindred Trades
  • National Union of Domestic Appliance and General Metal Workers
  • National Union of Insurance Workers Prudential Section National Union of Mineworkers
  • National Union of Mineworkers (Kent Area)
  • National Union of Mineworkers (Leicester Area)
  • National Union of Sheet Metal Workers, Coppersmiths and Heating and Domestic Engineers
  • Post Office Engineering Union
  • Tobacco Workers Union
  • Union of Construction, Allied Trade and Technicians

School Leavers

asked the Secretary of State for Employment if he has made any estimate of the Exchequer cost per head of 1983–84 school leavers who (a) continue full-time education, (b) take part in the youth training scheme and (c) become unemployed.

[pursuant to the reply, 29 June 1982, c. 285]: I am informed by my right hon. Friend the Secretary of State for Education and Science that the Government's plans imply that the recurrent cost of providing full-time education for a school leaver in 1983–84 will be between £1,600 and £2,000.The average Exchequer cost of providing a place for a school leaver on the youth training scheme is estimated to be approximately £2,500 per head per filled place in 1983–84 prices.It is not possible to provide a full estimate of the Exchequer cost per head of a school leaver who becomes unemployed in 1983–84. However, the rate of supplementary benefit entitlement for 16 and 17-year-olds for the year following November 1982 will be £15·80 per week for those living at home, and £25·70 per week for those who are single householders.

Lost Working Days

asked the Secretary of State for Employment how many working days have been lost in each of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries in each of the last three years by sickness.

I have been asked to reply.The information requested about the number of working days lost through sickness in each of the countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development in each of the last three years does not appear to be available in the published statistics either of the OECD itself or of the Statistical Office of the European Communities.

Industry

Nuneaton And Bedworth

asked the Secretary of State for Industry whether, following his announcement of derelict land clearance area status for the Nuneaton and Bedworth area on Monday 28 June, he will give details of financial assistance available within the area, together with information about further assistance for which local authorities, developers and industrialists now qualify.

Assistance under many national industrial support schemes is already available to firms in the Nuneaton and Bedworth area. Further details are available to firms on request from my Department's West Midlands regional office. From 1 August this year the local authorities in the Nuneaton and Bedworth employment office areas will be eligible for 100 per cent. derelict land clearance grant for expenditure on approved schemes. Other applicants in the area will be eligible for such grants at the rate of 80 per cent.

Computer Aided Design Centre

asked the Secretary of State for Industry what were the costs of operating the Computer Aided Design Centre in the past year; and whether it made a surplus on its operations.

Gross expenditure on the Computer Aided Design Centre in the financial year 1981–1982 was £4·79 million; in the same year the centre received £1·6 million in revenue, not including receipts from other Government Departments.

Member's Correspondence

asked the Secretary of State for Industry why it took his Department until 24 June to write to the hon. Member for Newham, North-West to advise him that the matter upon which he had written on 11 June concerning the effects of the European Community directive on value added tax on used vehicles was not within the scope of his Department but was within the scope of the Treasury.

I am sorry that the hon. Member finds the delay excessive. The subject raised by his constituent was one in which the Department had an apparent interest; it was therefore first necessary to establish where the principal responsibility lay within Government. The correspondence was then transferred accordingly.

Steel Prices

asked the Secretary of State for Industry if the United Kingdom has agreed to France being permitted to freeze its domestic steel prices under the European Economic Community arrangements requiring member States to increase steel prices; and if he will make a statement.

Whilst the introduction of price rises designed to return steel prices to viable levels is a major objective of the Community's anti-crisis regime, there is no binding Community requirement to enforce minimum price levels.Following discussions with the Commission the French have agreed to implement the 1 July price increase. In order to avoid undermining the current price freeze in France, they will give rebates to domestic consumers. I understand that these rebates are to be of only limited duration, but Her Majesty's Government will continue to follow developments closely. The rebates are not to be given on exports, and the French have undertaken not to increase their share of their domestic market.

Overseas Development

Aid Criteria

asked the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs to what extent he takes into account the gross national product of a recipient country in determining the level of British aid.

In determining the level of aid to a particular recipient country a number of factors are taken into account. One of these factors is relative poverty and the need for foreign assistance, and one indicator of this is the country's per capita gross national product. But there are other important considerations, including the country's ability to utilise productively the foreign assistance we could offer, the assistance offered by other bilateral and multilateral donors, and the background of political and commercial relations between the country and the United Kingdom.

asked the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs what statistical sources the Overseas Development Administration uses for determining the gross national product of the world's poorest countries.

The Overseas Development Administration uses an annual World Bank publication called "The World Bank Atlas" as its source of information for determining the gross national product of the world's poorest countries. The latest edition of the atlas, published earlier this year, gives preliminary GNP and population figures for 1980 together with growth rates for the previous decade for some 124 countries, rich and poor.

Scotland

Grey Seals (North Sea)

47.

asked the Secretary of State for Scotland what action the Government are taking to reduce the grey seal population in the North Sea to protect the salmon fisheries; and if he will estimate the value of fish consumed in a year by seals in coastal waters.

My Department is in close consultation with conservation and fishery organisations in regard to a scientifically-based management plan for the grey seal population in Scottish waters. I have not yet decided what if any management action should be taken this year. The case for management rests essentially on the estimated impact of grey seals on exploited fisheries, including salmon. The most recent scientific assessment is that produced by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, in 1979, a copy of which I am sending to my hon. Friend.My right hon. Friends, the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Fcod, and the Secretary of State have commissioned the Natural Environment Research Council to carry out a programme of research into the interaction of seals and fisheries. One component of that research is concerned with clarifying the impact of grey seals on local fisheries.

Home Department

Juvenile Court Rules

asked the Secretary of State for the Home Department how much time, after the completion of the relevant consultations, he estimates will be required to draft the changes to the juvenile court rules required by the Government's proposals for representation in care proceedings.

The process of amending the rules, once consultations on policy have been completed, will take at least three months.

Motoring Offences

asked the Secretary of State for the Home Department what information he has on the proportion of those convicted of motoring offences who have also been convicted of other types of criminal offences.

The information requested is not readily available and could be provided only at disproportionate cost.

asked the Secretary of State for the Home Department what information he has on the sentences imposed on those convicted of stealing motor cars in the latest year for which data are available.

Information on sentencing of persons convicted of offences of theft or unauthorised taking of motor vehicles is published annually in "Criminal Statistics, England and Wales"—table S1.1(A) and S1.2 of vol. 1 and table S2.1(A) and S2.2 of vol. 2 of the supplementary tables for 1980, the latest year for which information is available.

asked the Secretary of State for the Home Department what information he has on the number of motor cars stolen in the latest year for which figures are available.

The numbers of offences of theft or unauthorised taking of a motor vehicle recorded by the police in England and Wales are published annually—table 4 of Home Office statistical bulletin 4/82, which gives figures for the calendar year 1981.

Attorney-General

London Probate Office

asked the Attorney-General what is now the average period between lodgement of papers at the personal application department of the London probate office and the interview for swearing the declaration; what was the average such period two years ago; and whether this period is likely to be reduced in the near future.

Appointments for personal applicants at the principal probate registry to come to swear the oath in support of their applications for probate are now being given eight to nine weeks ahead. Two years ago the interval was four to five weeks. With the seasonal decline of business in the summer this interval may diminish somewhat over the next few months, but no permanent improvement can be foreseen at present.

Mr Michael West Qc

asked the Attorney-General when Mr. Michael West QC was first appointed a Crown court recorder and at what salary and expenses; and what has been his total claim and receipt of income from this appointment to date or when his appointment ceased.

Mr. Michael West QC was first appointed a recorder on 10 November 1975. His appointment came to an end on 9 November 1981. Recorders do not receive a salary but are paid a daily fee; the rates for the period of Mr. West's appointment are shown in the following table. Mr. West received a total of £7,536 in fees for his work as a recorder over the six years.Recorders receive travel and subsistence expenses at rates in line with those payable elsewhere in the public service. It is not in accordance with practice to reveal the expenses claimed by, or paid to, individuals.

DateRate of daily fee for recorders
1 January 1975£60
1 January 1978£66
1 January 1980£90
1 April 1980£105
1 April 1981£111

Rent Assessment Committees

asked the Attorney-General what are the qualifications required for an applicant for appointment to a rent assessment committee; whether a financial interest in residential property is a disqualification; whether appointed persons declare any vested interests; and whether any such declarations are available for public examination.

I have been asked to reply.Members of rent assessment panels from which rent assessment committees are drawn consist of professionally qualified lawyers and valuers and of lay persons. Members are chosen by my right hon. Friends the Lord Chancellor and the Secretary of State, for qualities of judgment, common sense and an ability to take an unbiased view. Lawyers and valuers in addition contribute their professional expertise.A financial interest in residential property is not a disqualification but members are required not to adjudicate in circumstances which might give rise to doubt regarding their impartiality, that is if they have any personal, professional or pecuniary interest in a case or if any firm or business of which they are a member has such an interest.When interviewing possible new panel members, presidents enquire whether the candidate is active in any organisation representing landlords or tenants, or is involved in any other activity—including significant activity as a landlord—which might make or appear to make his judgment less than impartial but there is no formal register of outside interests of panel members available for public examination.

Foreign And Commonwealth Affairs

Argentine (European Community Embargo)

48.

asked the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs how successful was the European Economic Community embargo on European Economic Community trade with the Argentine in respect of agricultural, fishery, forestry and food products; and if he will make a statement.

The Community's ban on Argentine imports was an impressive demonstration of political solidarity with the United Kingdom in the face of unprovoked aggression against the dependent territory of a member State of the Community. The information needed to estimate the effectiveness of the import ban in respect of agricultural, fishery, forestry and food, as of other products, is not available at present.

Swapo (Financial Support)

asked the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs if he will seek the ending of United Nations financial support, through the Council for Namibia and other similar bodies, for the South-West Africa People's Organisation.

The Five recognise that there is concern about the General Assembly's exclusive financial and other support for one of the parties to free and fair elections under the United Nations plan. They envisage that impartiality measures will be agreed before implementation begins.

Missing Persons

asked the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs whether any action was taken by Her Majesty's Government in regard to the report of the working group of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights dealing with enforced and involuntary disappearances dated 31 December 1981, with particular reference to the large numbers of persons who had disappeared since 1974, many of whom were United Kingdom subjects.

We played a leading part in securing the renewal of the working group's mandate as the best means of following up its report. We are aware of only a few cases of United Kingdom subjects who have disappeared since 1974. In most such cases we pursue the matter bilaterally with the Government concerned.

asked the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs on how many occasions representations were made by the British embassy in Buenos Aires concerning cases of United Kingdom citizens who were seized by Argentine security forces after 1974 and who have since disappeared.

It is not possible to provide a precise figure. Nevertheless, I can say that representations, written and oral, were made to the authorities in Buenos Aires on at least 80 separate occasions with regard to the cases of the two United Kingdom citizens who are known to have disappeared in Argentina.

Argentine (Human Rights)

asked the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs what was the policy adopted by Her Majesty's Government in the Council of Ministers following its receipt of the resolution of the European Parliament agreed to on 11 July 1980 condemning violation of human rights and international law by the military regime in Argentina.

The particular events raised in the European Parliament resolution of 11 June 1980 have not been discussed by the Ten.The Ten have made clear their concern about violations of human rights in Latin America and in particular in Argentina on many occasions. They have done so both in international organisations and in direct contacts with the countries concerned. The United Kingdom has played a full part in these representations.

Wales

Parliamentary Questions

asked the Secretary of State for Wales(1) on how many occasions in each of the past five years he has refused to give a substantive answer to a parliamentary question addressed to him, on the basis that the information could be provided only at disproportionate cost;(2) how many answers to written parliamentary questions have been given by his Department in each of the past five years.

I shall write to the hon. Member.

WJEC GCE O-level Results—Summer 1979
Grade AGrade BGrade C
SubjectEntriesNumberPer cent.NumberPer cent.NumberPer cent.
English Language23,1632,31610·05,15222·26,48428·0
Mathematics*22,5051,7137·63,14614·05,37623·9
English Literature15,0421,71111·43,31122·04,08827·2
Biology*12,4461,0418·42,27018·22,50420·1

asked the Secretary of State for Wales how many persons in his Department there are now involved (a) wholly and (b) for pail of their time in the preparation of parliamentary answers; and how this compares with the corresponding figures for March 1979.

Records are not kept of the time spent by staff in preparing answers to parliamentary questions; it is not possible therefore to make a comparison with March 1979. No member of staff is wholly employed on the preparation of answers, but a large number devote part of their time to this work.

Manpower Services Commission

asked the Secretary of State for Wales if he will take steps to allow the Manpower Services Commission in Wales more autonomy in the design and implementation of measures to aid the unemployed in the Principality.

asked the Secretary of State for Wales whether, in view of the diverse nature of unemployment problems in Wales, he will allow the Manpower Services Commission in the Principality greater autonomy and flexibility to adopt appropriate solutions.

Policies to help the unemployed must be considered on a Great Britain basis. However, my Department and I are in close touch with the Manpower Services Commission both nationally and locally to ensure that these policies are developed and implemented in a way which reflects the needs of Wales.

Redundancies

asked the Secretary of State for Wales how many redundancies have been notified to his Department for the Principality during the last 12 months.

Between July 1981 and June 1982, 25,076 redundancies were notified to the Department of Employment as due to occur in Wales.

Note: Figures for June 1982 included in the total are provisional.

O-Level Examinations

asked the Secretary of State for Wales if he will list the number of entrants for the Welsh joint education committee GCE O-level in the 12 most popular subjects for each of the last three years and the numbers and percentages who obtained A, B and C passes in each of those subjects.

The following information is derived from the WJEC statistical reports on the summer examinations in 1979, 1980 and 1981:

Grade A

Grade B

Grade C

Subject

Entries

Number

Per cent.

Number

Per cent.

Number

Per cent.

Geography*12,1209878·12,40619·92,47920·5
History9,3741,09711·71,98721·22,01521·5
Art*9,0451,14012·61,51516·71,88920·9
Physics7,7657339·41,84823·81,86724·0
Chemistry6,28078312·51,34421·41,49423·8
French5,82661810·61,48225·41,33022·8
Home Economics3,3162036·163519·184425·5
Scripture3,22540112·479124·578924·5

* Includes entrants taking the common syllabus GCE/CSE examinations for which the entries were: Mathematics, 14,219; Biology, 8,660; Geography, 7,147; Art, 6,979.

WJEC GCE O level results—Summer 1980

Grade A

Grade B

Grade C

Subject

Entries

Number

Per cent.

Number

Per cent.

Number

Per cent.

Mathematics*24,4561,8577·63,20313·15,85623·9
English Language23,1182,2619·84,73720·56,36827·5
English Literature15,0801,75311·63,30621·93,81725·3
Biology*13,0391,0037·72,25817·32,76121·2
Geography*12,5891,0078·02,65621·12,36718·8
History9,4661,13412·01,95620·72,12922·5
Art and Design*9,3301,24013·31,43315·41,77419·0
Physics8,27389610·82,11625·61,82122·0
Chemistry6,45277812·11,55624·11,46222·7
French5,63958110·31,40925·01,29223·0
Scripture3,25836311·182225·277723·8
Home Economics3,1011866·058518·969622·4

* Includes entrants taking the common syllabus GCE/CSE examinations for which the entries were: Mathematics, 17,342; Biology, 10,099; Geography, 8,368; Art and Design, 7,654.

WJEC GCE O level results—Summer 1981

Grade A

Grade B

Grade C

Subject

Entries

Number

Per cent.

Number

Per cent.

Number

Per cent.

Mathematics*26,5831,8557·03,07011·56,35423·9
English Language23,3772,2269·55,04921·66,47927·7
English Literature14,8811,69011·43,15721·23,74025·1
Biology*13,8431,0407·52,36617·12,79520·2
Geography*13,2891,0968·22,67220·12,50718·9
Art and Design*10,6151,60015·11,57714·91,97318·6
History9,2651,12412·11,90220·52,14223·1
Physics8,48788410·42,14125·22,10424·8
Chemistry6,55780012·21,61824·71,44822·1
French5,98765310·91,52125·41,32322·1
Scripture3,35036911·080123·984825·3
Home Economics3,0702187·157418·770923·1

* Includes entrants taking the common syllabus GCE/CSE examinations for which the entries were: Mathematics, 22,099; Biology, 11,776; Geography, 9,438; Art and Design, 9,632.

asked the Secretary of State for Wales if he will list, as a percentage of all secondary schoolchildren in Wales, the numbers of pupils entered for five or more GCE O-levels in each of the last 10 years.

The information is not readily available and could be provided only at disproportionate cost.

WJEC GCE O-level Results: Modern Languages
197919801981
SubjectGrade C or betterGrade C or betterGrade C or better
EntriesNumberPer cent.EntriesNumberPer cent.EntriesNumberPer cent.
French5,8263,43058·95,6393,28258·25,9873,49658·4
Welsh *3,4572,26665·53,4862,24264·33,5312,30465·3
German †1,96185943·82,08386141·32,07689042·9
Spanish30917055·042021651·430316253·5

asked the Secretary of State for Wales if he will list separately for each of the last three years the number of entrants in Wales for GCE O-level in each modern language and the number and percentage who passed at grade C or better.

The following information is derived from the WJEC statistical reports on the summer examinations in 1979, 1980 and 1981.

1979

1980

1981

Subject

Grade C or better

Grade C or better

Grade C or better

Entries

Number

Per cent.

Entries

Number

Per cent.

Entries

Number

Per cent.

Italian1066460·41056057·1976263·9
Russian372054·1301343·3382052·6
Others514180·4402870·0231982·6

* The figures are for the Welsh papers 02 and 03 combined.

† Includes entrants taking the common syllabus GCE/CSE examination 1979–782; 1980–947; 1981–952.

A-Level Examinations

asked the Secretary of State for Wales if he will list separately for each of the last three years the number of entrants in Wales for GCE A-level in each modern language and the number and percentage who passed at grades A, B and C.

WJEC GCE A-level results—modern languages
Grade AGrade BGrade C
SubjectEntriesNumberPer cent.NumberPer cent.NumberPer cent.
1979
French888627·0889·916618·7
Welsh*540376·912122·48615·9
German252228·74015·92911·5
Spanish5247·7917·31426·9
Italian2229·1313·6627·3
Russian6116·7233·3
1980
French806546·7789·717021·1
Welsh*512316·111221·914327·9
German265249·13513·23613·6
Spanish5235·81426·91325·0
Italian1119·1327·3218·1
Russian7228·6228·6
Other11100
1981
French872677·79711·113415·4
Welsh*580345·911920·511119·1
German255207·83714·52911·4
Spanish6046·71525·02033·3
Italian17635·3211·8
Russian1218·3216·7433·3
Other3133·3
* The figures are for the following papers combined—Welsh (First Language) and Welsh (Second Language).

Community Task Force Projects

asked the Secretary of State for Wales whether he is satisfied with the co-operation he is receiving from both employers organisations and trade unions in respect of community task force projects in Gwynedd and Clwyd.

I understand that there is good co-operation in the main from the trade unions and employers associations in North Wales in respect of Manpower Services Commission schemes put forward by the community task force or any other sponsor, though there may from time to time be differences of view on individual cases. I understand that one such case is currently the subject of correspondence between the hon. Member and the commission.

The following information is derived from the WJEC statistical reports on the summer examinations in 1979, 1980 and 1981:

Departmental Maladministration

asked the Secretary of State for Wales how many cases of maladministration against his Department have been investigated by the Parliamentary Commissioner during each of the past three years.

I refer the hon. Member to the reports made by the Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration to the House, copies of which are in the Library.

Apprentices

asked the Secretary of State for Wales for each of the past five years, how many young persons in Wales have taken part in recognised apprenticeship schemes.

Unemployment Statistics

asked the Secretary of State for Wales, pursuant to the reply to the hon. Member for Caernarvon on 30 June, Official Report, c. 323, if he will give at the last date for which the information is available, the number of unskilled workers in Wales who are unemployed and whose last employment was in the building and construction industry.

There are problems in allocating unemployed unskilled workers specifically to the construction industry. However, the most recent quarterly return including such workers gives for March 1982 a figure of about 5,000 persons occupationally classified as craftsmen's mates and other builders' labourers registered as unemployed.

British Petroleum

asked the Secretary of State for Wales if he will give special consideration to measures that can be introduced to alleviate the problems caused by loss of jobs at the British Petroleum chemical plants in Wales; and if he will make a statement.

I refer the hon. Member to the answer my right hon. Friend gave him on 5 July.—[Vol. 27, c. 10–11.]

Job Losses

asked the Secretary of State for Wales how many jobs have been lost in Wales since May 1979 in (a) manufacturing, (b) construction, (c) commercial and (d) distribution.

Figures are not available for May 1979. The following table shows the changes by sector between June 1979 and December 1981, the latest date for which information is available, in relation to the number of employees in employment.

Number
Manufacturing industries79,000
Construction12,000
Commercial industries*13,000
Distributive trades12,000
Notes:
* Includes financial, professional and miscellaneous services.
Source: Welsh Office Department of Employment.

Water Charges

asked the Secretary of State for Wales if he will consider changes in the rating system in Wales in order to equalise the water rate charges of householders in the Principality.

Social Services

Health And Personal Social Services

asked the Secretary of State for Social Services whether he will list total expenditure on health and, in a separate column, total net expenditure on the personal social services in the United Kingdom for each year since 1970–71 at November 1980 prices.

The information requested relating to England is as follows; I have asked my right hon. Friends the Secretaries of State for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland to let my hon. Friend have the information relating to the services for which they are responsible. I have interpreted "total expenditure on health" to mean gross expenditure on the NHS.

Gross NHS expenditure England£ million, November 1980 prices Net expenditure on the Personal Social Services, England*
1970–718,395†N/A
1971–728,5601,042
1972–738,9401,210
1973–749,1641,392
1974–759,1541,471
1975–769,3851,574
1976–779,4991,569
1977–789,5841,547
1978–799,7941,602
1979–809,8001,675
1980–819,9081,723
‡1981–8210,2651,706
Notes
* Includes central Government expenditure on personal social services.
† Comparable figures for 1970–71 not available.
‡ All figures for 1981–82 are provisional.

Mental Health (Amendment) Bill

asked the Secretary of State for Social Services if, in the light of representations from the medical profession that the Mental Health (Amendment) Bill relegates the importance of the consultant psychiatrist vis-a-vis social workers and psychologists and makes the position of family medical practitioners more difficult, particularly in emergency situations, he remains satisfied that the provisions of the Bill are those which best provide for the welfare of the patient.

Yes. I do not believe that the provisions of the Bill relegate the importance of psychiatrists or diminish their responsibility for the treatment of their patients in any way.

Depo Provera

asked the Secretary of State for Social Services if he was aware of the World Health Organisation memorandum and its recommendations on injectable contraceptives when he made his decision to overrule the advice of the Committee on Safety of Medicines that depo provera be licensed, subject to certain conditions.

Junior Doctors

asked the Secretary of State for Social Services whether he is satisfied with the progress being made towards limiting the growth of junior hospital doctor posts in the North West regional health authority.

Yes. At the moment the authority is only creating posts in the registrar and senior registrar grades with the agreement of our Department and proposes to prevent further expansion in the number of senior house officer posts in the region.

asked the Secretary of State for Social Services if it is his policy to reduce the contracted working hours of junior hospital doctors; what is the present practice of health authorities; and in how many health authorities the contracted hours are below 80 per week.

I accept that the hours of some junior doctors are excessive and that urgent action is necessary to reduce these hours. The Department is currently discussing with health authorities and the profession how this can best be achieved. Actual contracted hours vary widely between specialties and grades of staff and between different types of hospital. An analysis by district is not available.

Widows (Benefits)

asked the Secretary of State for Social Services whether the Government are preparing at present any defence to cases brought against them in the European Court alleging discrimination against widowers compared with widows in their policies of payment of widows' benefits.

No such cases have been brought before the court, nor could the Government anticipate the grounds on which a case might be brought in future.

Unemployment Benefit

asked the Secretary of State for Social Services whether a person who fails to make him or herself available for work on a Saturday, and refuses to take a job requiring working on Saturdays, loses entitlement to unemployment benefit.

There is provision for another day to be substituted for Sunday as the non-working day of the week, on religious grounds; but I assume that the hon. Member's question is not concerned with that type of case. In the normal case, an unemployed person who is not available for work on a Saturday will receive unemployment benefit for that day. If restricting his availability for work to Monday to Friday prevents him from having a reasonable chance of finding a job, his unemployment benefit may also be disallowed for the rest of the week. Even if his restriction is accepted, he may be disqualified for receiving benefit for up to six weeks if, without good cause, he refuses a suitable job because it involves Saturday work. It is for the independent adjudicating authorities to decide questions of entitlement, including the questions whether the job is suitable for the claimant and whether he has good cause for refusing it.

Benefits And Pensions (Giro Payments)

asked the Secretary of State for Social Services if he is satisfied with the system whereby certain benefits and pensions are paid by Giro; and if he will make a statement.

Yes. Over 100 million Girobank cheques are issued annually by the DHSS and the Department of Employment in payment of a wide range of social security benefits. They are used extensively where the benefit claimed is likely to be of short duration. They are also used for longer-term benefits if payment cannot be made by order book or payable order.If my hon. Friend is aware of an individual case in which difficulties have arisen and will let me have details, I will look into the matter.

Toxic Waste (Dumping)

asked the Secretary of State for Social Services if he is satisfied with the present powers of the Health and Safety Executive with regard to dealing with the dumping and tipping of toxic waste materials, including clinical waste, in places where they could become a health hazard.

I am satisfied with the powers available. Implementation of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 rests however with my right hon. Friend the Secretary of State for Employment. Copies of the guidance document recently produced by the Health and Safety Executive on the safe disposal of clinical waste are in the House of Commons Library.The disposal of household, commercial and industrial waste, including toxic waste, is controlled under part I of the Control of Pollution Act 1974 and is a matter for my right hon. Friend the Secretary of State for the Environment.

Health Education Councils (Resources)

asked the Secretary of State for Social Services what central financial resources have been made available to health education councils in England and Wales, respectively, for each of the five years from 1978–79 to 1981–82.

The Health Education Council is responsible for health education policy in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.Allocation by the health departments of England, Wales and Northern Ireland to the Health Education Council were as follows:

£000
1978–793,693
1979–804,542
1980–815,047
1981–826,519

Mrs L Brock

asked the Secretary of State for Social Services if he will publish in the Official Report his Department's reasons for refusing compensation which she would consider adequate to Mrs. L. Brock, of 92 Ringley Road West, Radcliffe, an injured blood donor.

The question of compensation for Mrs. Brock is a matter for the North Western regional health authority, which is responsible for the blood transfusion service in the North West. I replied to a letter from the hon. Member on 29 October 1981 about Mrs. Brock's claim, explaining that the regional health authority was prepared to reconsider the compensation position in the light of any further evidence submitted by Mrs. Brock or her legal advisers, but I understand that no further approach has been made to the authority since that time.

National Health Service (Pay)

asked the Secretary of State for Social Services how much of the additional money required for the 7·5 per cent. pay offer he intends should be met from budgets already allocated; and whether he has made any assessment of the implications for each regional health authority.

The Government have decided that a further £90 million should be available in negotiating a new pay offer. This figure is for Great Britain. For England the equivalent figure is £74·5 million, of which health authorities will be asked to meet £32·2 million from within their existing allocations. Revised regional revenue cash limits will be issued very soon.

Medical Students

asked the Secretary of State for Social Services whether his Department will issue guidelines for local health authorities on the use of medical students in place of qualified doctors in hospitals.

The Department has already issued guidance on medical students in hospitals. I have sent a copy to my hon. Friend. This makes it clear that students may only be used to assist, and not in place of qualified doctors.

Pensioners (Incomes)

asked the Secretary of State for Social Services what is his latest estimate of the number of pensioners with an income of less than 40 per cent. above supplementary benefit level.

The only readily available estimates relate to families where the head is over pension age, and single persons over pension age. In 1979 there were in Great Britain 1,680,000 such families and single persons in receipt of supplementary benefit and a further 2,850,000 not in receipt of supplementary benefit, but with incomes less than 40 per cent. above the supplementary benefit level.These estimates have been rounded to the nearest 10,000 and are subject to statistical error. The estimate of 1,680,000 has been derived from the "Annual Statistical Enquiry" of supplementary benefit claimants. The estimate of 2,850,000 has been based on a DHSS analysis of income and other information recorded by respondents to the family expenditure survey 1979.The estimates relate only to people living in private households. People in institutions are not included in the FES sample. The figure for supplementary benefit claimants has been so adjusted as to be based on similar assumptions.Income refers to net income, less net housing costs and work expenses where appropriate. The supplementary benefit level has been taken as the appropriate long-term scale rate, with heating additions for people of 75 years and over, and children under five, where the head is a householder.The estimate of 2,850,000 includes examples where the head of the family had been off work due to sickness or unemployment for less than 13 weeks at the time of the survey. In these cases, the family's normal income when the head was in work has been used in determining the level of income. Correspondingly, the figure derived from the "Annual Statistical Enquiry" excludes those who had been in receipt of supplementary benefit for less than 13 weeks.

Young Persons (Court Proceedings)

asked the Secretary of State for Social Services (1) whether he will consult the National Council for One-Parent Families and the family rights group in connection with the proposed arrangement for juvenile court representation in the same way as he consults local authority associations;(2) which bodies will be consulted in connection with the Government's proposals for altering the rules for representations in care proceedings; and what time limit for representations will be allowed.

My noble and learned Friend the Lord Chancellor announced on 17 June—[House of Lords, Official Report, Vol. 431, c. 762–63]—the Government's intention to implement the relevant parts of section 64 of the Children Act 1975 so that legal aid will be available to parents in care proceedings where the court has ordered that the parent shall not be treated as representing the child. We are consulting the local authority associations about our plans because their members institute care preceedings, but we shall, of course, be happy to receive comments from other bodies. These should be submitted wihout delay as we wish to implement the provision as soon as the necessary amendments to rules of court can be completed.

National Health Service (Expenditure)

asked the Secretary of State for Social Services what has been the total expenditure on the National Health Service for each year since 1970, both at constant prices and at 1982 prices and as a percentage of gross national product for each year.

Table A shows gross expenditure on the NHS in England for each year at November 1980 prices. Since public expenditure is now planned in cash terms, we do not have a comparable run of figures in 1982 prices. When estimating the proportion of national income devoted to the health service, it is usual to look at gross domestic product rather than gross national product. We do not have such figures for England only; table B therefore shows total NHS expenditure for the United Kingdom—net of charges but including an estimate of non-trading capital consumption—as a percentage of GDP at factor cost on a calendar year basis from 1970 to 1980.

Table A
YearGross NHS expenditure England, £ million, November 1980 prices
1970–718,395
1971–728,560
1972–738,940

Year

Gross NHS expenditure England, £ million, November 1980 prices

1973–749,164
1974–759,154
1975–769,385
1976–779,499
1977–789,584
1978–799,794
1979–809,800

*1980–81

9,908

*1981–82

10,265

Note:

* Provisional figure.

Table B

Year

Total net NHS expenditure, United Kingdom, as a percentage of GDP at factor cost

19704·64
19714·64
19724·78
19734·67
19745·27
19755·57
19765·58
19775·46
19785·41
19795·45

*1980

6·10

Note:

* Latest available year.

Hepatitis

asked the Secretary of State for Social Services if, in the light of the increased incidence of hepatitis in many of the sub-tropical and tropical locations that are popular with British tourists, he will consider the recommendation of hepatitis vaccination for British people visiting those areas.

As infective hepatitis—hepatitis A—is endemic in many sub-tropical and tropical countries we advise any traveller going to such an area and possibly staying in primitive conditions to take advice from his own doctor. He may consider giving human immune—gamma—globulin injection to anyone in his opinion at risk; there is no specific vaccination against hepatitis A.

Deprivation And Disadvantage (Report)

asked the Secretary of State for Social Services when the final report on the Social Science Research Council/Department of Health and Social Security programme of research into transmitted deprivation will be published.

The final report on the SSRC/DHSS programme entitled "Despite the Welfare State" by Dr. Muriel Brown and Dr. Nicola Madge will be published on Monday 12 July 1982 by Heinemann Educational Books. This book presents the finding of a large-scale research programme into the origin, nature and extent of deprivation and disadvantage in this country. The book relates the research findings to current social policy and practice and points to lessons for the future. It will, I hope, promote informed discussion and debate on a range of subjects of great public concern.

Supplementary Benefit

asked the Secretary of State for Social Services what is his estimate of the percentage of families in Scotland where the youngest child is under 5 years and the family (a) receives supplementary benefit and (b)has an income up to 40 per cent. above supplementary benefit level.

[pursuant to his reply, 1 July 1982,c. 387]: At December 1980, about 12 per cent. of families in Scotland with at least one child under 5 years of age were receiving supplementary benefit. This has been derived from the annual statistical inquiry of supplementary benefit claimants. The percentage with income up to 40 per cent. above supplementary benefit level, cannot be estimated without a wide area of uncertainty.

Education And Science

Student Doctors

asked the Secretary of State for Education and Science how many student doctors were admitted to British universities in each of the past five years; and how many received no financial support from the Exchequer.

The numbers of new entrant undergraduates in medicine and dentistry to universities in Great Britain for the years 1977, 1978, 1979 and 1980 were 5,680, 5,700, 5,720 and 5,620, respectively. Information published by the Universities Central Council on Admissions shows that 4,980 undergraduates were admitted to medicine and dentistry courses at universities in the United Kingdom in 1981–82, but this figure is not quite comparable with those given in the earlier years.Information regarding financial support of new entrants is not readily available. However, amongst all undergraduates in medicine and dentistry, the percentages not supported from public funds for the years 1977 to 1980, inclusive, were 15, 11, 10 and 9.

Overseas Doctors (Training Costs)

asked the Secretary of State for Education and Science what are the fees payable by students from Commonwealth countries to train as a doctor in the United Kingdom.

In the academic year 1982–83 the following fees wall be payable at institutions in Great Britain:

  • i. by students who started their course before 1 September 1980, £1,485.
  • ii. by students who started their course on or after 1 September 1980. Full cost subject to minima of:
    • Pre-clinical years, £3,600;
    • Clinical years, £6,600.
    Arrangements at Northern Ireland institutions, which are different, are a matter for my right hon. Friend the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland.

    Sixth Form Colleges

    asked the Secretary of State for Education and Science how many pupils now attend sixth form colleges in the State sector of education.

    In January 1981, the latest date for which information is available, there were 60,099 pupils in sixth form colleges in England. An additional 13,029 students aged 16 to 18 years were enrolled on full-time and sandwich courses in tertiary colleges in November 1980.

    YearLand MinesBooby TrapsMortarsBlast IncendiariesBlast BombsCar BombsCassette Incendiaries
    197727(11)43(22)44(10)126(33)283(78)23(7)472(235)
    197826(7)20(7)28(13)387(101)116(30)22(4)110(52)
    197922(2)17(6)9415(105)85(22)25(2)57(26)
    198025(8)15(6)10(9)279(88)57(14)25(5)2(2)
    198139(16)32(14)60(12)95(30)220(21)36(9)48(15)
    1982 (at 30 June)16(6)23(12)20(5)52(19)64(16)28(9)19(13)
    The figures without brackets show the total number of devices used; the figures in brackets show the number of these devices that were neutralised.

    Health Boards (Doctors)

    asked the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland how many doctors are on the lists of each of the health boards; and what is the present doctor-to-patient ratio in each area.

    The number of doctors on the medical list for the four health and social services boards in Northern Ireland and the corresponding doctor to patient ratios at the 1 April 1982 were as follows:

    BoardNumber of GPsRatio*
    Eastern3511 : 1956
    Northern1821 : 2026
    Southern1461 : 2005
    Western1351 : 1974
    * Doctor: Patients.

    Patients Prison Officers (Casualty Statistics)

    asked the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland how many prison officers have been killed or injured by terrorist activity in Northern Ireland since 1968.

    Nineteen prison officers and one retired prison officer have been murdered by terrorists since 1968 and a further 25 have been injured.

    Lisburn Police Station

    asked the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland what have been the reasons for the delay in building a new Royal Ulster Constabulary station in Lisburn.

    The Government give high priority to police buildings and £36·5 million will be spent over the next five years on major new buildings. The present programme prepared by the police authority provides that a new station should be completed in Lisburn in 1988–89. The position of any project in the programme depends on the priority accorded to it by the chief constable.

    Northern Ireland

    Terrorism (Explosive Devices)

    asked the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland how many land mines, booby traps, mortars, blast incendiaries, blast bombs, car bombs and incendiary devices, respectively, have been used by terrorists in each of the past 11 years.

    The information is available in the form requested only from 1977 onwards and is as follows:

    Transport

    Severn Bridge

    asked the Secretary of State for Transport, pursuant to his answer on 21 June to the hon. Member for Kingswood (Mr. Aspinwall) with regard to the Severn bridge, if he will give an estimate of the cost of strengthening to enable the bridge to cope with the highest existing traffic loadings as opposed to the further strengthening needed in the longer term; and if these immediate measures will be adequate to cope with any increase in maximum lorry weight currently being considered by the Government.

    The replacement of the hangers and the strengthening of the splay saddles is estimated to cost approximately £185,000 in the current financial year. Other costs will be incurred but it is too soon for them to be estimated. An increase in lorry weights would not require any variation of the immediate measures described by my right hon. Friend.

    Motorways

    asked the Secretary of State for Transport if he will carry out studies to establish the energy cost to industry and to the United Kingdom generally of delay caused by motorway repairs; and if he will make a statement.

    We are continually examining ways of reducing delay costs associated with motorway repairs. In this connection, the Department has recently issued a computer programme called QUADRO 2—queues and delays at roadworks—which can be used in appropriate situations to compare the full costs, including the delay costs of alternative maintenance options. But we are not proposing to incur the cost of a specific study to establish the energy cost to industry of delay caused by motorways repairs.

    Bridges (Safety)

    asked the Secretary of State for Transport whether special checks on motorway and trunk road bridges have been ordered by his Department; if he is satisfied that all these bridges have an adequate margin of safety under all loading conditions; and if he will make a statement.

    No special checks have been ordered on motorway and trunk road bridges.A revised traffic loading standard for the longer span highway bridges will be available by the end of the year. These bridges will then be assessed in priority order over a period of time.

    Rail Business Manpower
    FootplateSalaried StaffGuards and other Train StaffSignalling Staff including Crossing KeepersStations Yards and DepotsConciliation EngineeringWorkshopsMiscellaneeous WagesTotal (Rail Business without Corporate HQ and Police
    197228,32551,78113,57012,81229,05336,12422,5272,563196,755
    197327,93551,29013,07311,61631,16531,59121,9842,324190,978
    197428,30452,45013,56111,07231,81232,93122,4052,445194,980
    197527,87241,83813,17110,90929,87332,03522,0702,243190,011
    197626,89550,35512,64710,46628,16730,84221,2232,100182,695
    197736,32648,70912,5809,95827,11130,63820,8802,037178,239
    197826,25348,43512,6179,63826,92231,14421,1231,981178,113
    197926,27948,71212,7179,29626,69731,05321,3011,859177,914
    198025,96348,05212,6178,93425,14830,53521,0341,696173,979
    198124,35046,12612,0178,66722,94830,11920,5331,602166,362

    asked the Secretary of State for Transport how many jobs have been lost in British Rail undertakings in Wales during the past 10 consecutive years.

    I understand from the British Railways Board that the information is not available in the form requested. However the total manpower employed in the Cardiff division of British Rail, which contains approximately 85 per cent. of railway staff in Wales has fallen from 9,890 in January 1974 to 7,738 in December 1981, a reduction of 2,152.

    East London River Crossing

    asked the Secretary of State for Transpor how many (a) commercial and (b) residential properties have been acquired in connection with the east London river crossing; how many of these remain empty; and how many have been let and through which agencies.

    The Department has acquired at the owners' request two commercial and 11 residential properties.The two commercial properties are at present empty, but negotiations are in progress with a prospective tenant for one of them. The other, which has been badly damaged by fire, has been boarded up.Nine of the residential properties have been let to the London borough of Greenwich. The other two have only

    Meanwhile, I am satisfied that the Department's motorway and trunk road bridges have adequate margins of safety, albeit reduced ones in respect of the extreme but possible traffic loading conditions.

    British Rail (Job Losses)

    asked the Secretary of State for Transport if he will give details of the number of jobs lost on British Rail during the past 10 consecutive years and the grades and sections from which they were lost.

    I understand from the British Railways Board that the information is not available in the form requested. However, details of the number of staff employed in major groups of grades in the rail business since 1972—excluding British Rail police and corporate headquarters—are shown below.recently been acquired by the Department. Negotiations are already in hand to let these to the council. The properties were let with the assistance of the district valuer and no other agency was involved.I understand that of the nine residential properties already let to the London borough of Greenwich, eight are occupied by tenants and the other is empty. But it was only let to the council last month.The Greater London council has also acquired about 200 properties, including shop premises and residential units. I have no details of the current occupation of these properties.

    Motorways (Costs)

    asked the Secretary of State for Transport if he will list the cost of each motorway construction and the cost of repairs to each construction, expressed in figures adjusted to 1982 costs.

    I regret that information on all the contracts on some 1,300 miles of motorway over more than 25 years could be obtained only at disproportionate cost.

    M1 (Repairs)

    asked the Secretary of State for Transport what was the last recorded date on which it was possible for a motorist to drive from the start of the M1 motorway to Leicestershire or vice versa, without encountering any major roadworks or lane closures; and when next he anticipates this will be possible.

    Although major road works are not generally in progress in the winter, lane closures on the M1 are necessary not only for such works, but also for routine maintenance and other minor operations. Short duration lane closures for such minor works are not recorded and so I cannot give dates for when it was, or will be possible, to drive between junction 1 and Leicestershire on the M1 without encountering a lane closure.

    asked the Secretary of State for Transport by what date he anticipates all major roadworks will have been completed on the M1 motorway (a) between junctions 5 and 8 and (b) between junctions 13 and 15, in view of the significant inconvenience which they cause to road users.

    The widening of the motorway between junctions 5 and 8 should be completed by the autumn of next year. This year's work between junctions 13 and 15 should be finished in October, but further strengthening will take place in future years.

    Hit And Run Accidents (Compensation)

    asked the Secretary of State for Transport whether he is satisfied with the arrangements for compensating victims of hit and run accidents.

    Yes. Under a long-standing agreement the Motor Insurers' Bureau pays compensation for death or bodily injury in cases where it can be assumed that, had the driver been traced, he would have been liable for damages. The bureau made 1,394 awards in 1981 at a cost of £4·1 million. The accelerated procedure introduced initially for small claims has proved helpful in speeding up settlements, and the present limit of £10,000 is to be extended to £20,000.

    Civil Service

    Crown Agents

    asked the Minister for the Civil Service how many public servants who, in the report of the tribunal of inquiry into the Crown Agents' activity (1967–74) were (a) criticised but not found to have lapsed, (b) deemed to have been guilty of a lapse or (c) deemed to have been guilty of a serious lapse, have (i) been promoted, (ii) retained similar positions, (iii) been demoted, (iv) been dismissed and (v) resigned.

    In the report, lapses were specified in respect of five civil servants, while six were the subject of a criticism falling short of a lapse. Of those who were still in the Service after 1974, one was promoted after that date, the rest remained at the same levels. All had left the Civil Service or retired in the normal course of events before the report was published, except one who was the subject of a criticism. He has remained in his position.I do not have information on Bank of England staff. Among the Crown Agents officers, serious lapses were specified in respect of six, lapses in respect of four and two were the subject of a criticism. None are now employed by the Crown Agents. Four retired and one resigned before 1974; in the period after 1974 six remained in the same grade in the Crown Agents until their retirement and one resigned.

    Civil Servants (Dismissals)

    asked the Minister for the Civil Service whether she will detail the basis upon which civil servants may be dismissed from office; and how many have been so dismissed for the stated reasons for the longest and most convenient period of time.

    Civil servants may be dismissed for disciplinary reasons, discharged for failure satisfactorily to complete a period of probation or retired prematurely on grounds of inefficiency, limited efficiency, structure, redundancy or ill health. The following table shows the number of all such terminations from the non-industrial home civil servants for the period 1979 to 1981. No similar information about industrial grades is available centrally.

    Non-industrial Home Civil Service
    Leaving cause197919801981
    Dismissed on disciplinary grounds130110140
    Discharge during a probationary or trial period440500370
    Premature retirement2,7902,7703,520

    Note: Part-timers are counted as whole units.

    National Finance

    Personal Incomes

    asked the Chancellor of the Exchequer if he will publish in the Official Report a table showing the top 20 countries in order of income per head of population over the past five years; if he will express the relative positions in percentage terms using the United States gross national product as basis; and if he will give the United Kingdom estimate on the bases of an economy (a) with oil and (b) without oil.

    Estimates of gross national product at market prices per head of population for the top 20 countries in respect of the years 1979 and 1980 are given in the 1981 "World Bank Atlas" available in the House of Commons Library. Comparable results for other years are not available.Alternative estimates of gross domestic product per head covering the period 1962–1980, but relating only to the member countries of OECD, are given on page 88 of "National Accounts of OECD Countries 1951–1980 Volume 1 Main Aggregates", published by OECD and also available in the House of Commons Library.It is well recognised that the use of official or market exchange rates to convert GNP or GDP estimates to a common unit of measurement can give very misleading results because the rates do not necessarily reflect the relative purchasing power of national currencies in terms of the goods and services available in the countries being compared. A more realistic assessment is given by the use of purchasing power parities to convert to a common unit. Figures on this basis for 15 OECD member countries are given on page 96 of the OECD publication referred to above.It is not practicable to produce estimates for the United Kingdom on the basis of an economy without offshore oil.

    To do so would require a complex set of assumptions and calculations and would involve a disproportionate use of resources. Details of the contribution of the petroleum and natural gas industry to the gross domestic product in the years 1971 and 1980 are given in table 3.1 of "National Income and Expenditure", 1981 edition.

    Pensions (Price Index)

    asked the Chancellor of the Exchequer if he will estimate the increase in the one and two-person pensioner household price index from June 1981 to June 1982.

    The information requested is not available. Figures for the second quarter of 1982 will be published in the July issue of the Employment Gazette.

    Value Added Tax

    asked the Chancellor of the Exchequer (1) what were the key assumptions and calculations used in reaching the estimate which he gave in his Budget Statement on 9 March, Official Report, c. 751, that the order that he proposed to lay before the House to continue to zero rate double glazing, loft and cavity wall insulation and damp-proof coursing would relieve the industry of all but £10 million of the extra annual £80 million tax imposed in consequence of a recent House of Lords judgment on value added tax for building alterations;(2) whether it remains his view that, after the introduction of his proposed order to continue zero rating for certain works, the construction industry will face additional value added tax costs arising from the 1981 House of Lords Judgment, Customs

    v. ACT, of no more than the £10 million per annum which he estimated in his Budget Statement;

    (3) whether, having regard to the decision of the High Court in the case of Customs and Excise v. Viva Gas Appliances Ltd., he still intends introducing an order in accordance with his March Budget proposal concerning value added tax and building alteration work; and if he will make a statement;

    (4) what representations he has received from representative bodies in the construction industry regarding his March Budget proposal concerning value added tax and building alterations work.

    Pensioners (Taxation)

    asked the Chancellor of the Exchequer if he will estimate the cost of taking out of taxation pensioners with an annual income of (a) £1,000, (b) £2,000 and (c) £5,000 above the present threshold for (i) single pensioners and (ii) married couples.

    [pursuant to his reply, 7 July 1982, c. 115]: Pensioners cannot readily be distinguished from Inland Revenue records which identify only those tax units who may be entitled to the age allowance—that is, single people aged 65 or over and married couples with at least one spouse aged 65 or over.The costs in a full year at 1982–83 income levels of raising the age allowances by the amounts specified are:

    £ million
    Increase in allowance:(i) single people(ii) married couples
    (a) £1,000270230
    (b) £2,000440390
    (c) £5,0009301,220
    In case

    (c) the level to which both single and married age allowances would be raised, would be above the present income limit (£6,700) for the full age allowance. That estimate therefore assumes that there would be no income limit for entitlement to age allowance.

    Invalid Care Allowance

    asked the Chancellor of the Exchequer if he will estimate the cost of making invalid care allowance non-taxable.

    [pursuant to his reply, 5 July 1982, c. 5–6]: Payments of invalid care allowance during 1982–83 will total about £7 million. This figure excludes child dependency additions which are not liable to tax. Information is not available on which to base a precise estimate of the cost of exempting the allowance from income tax; but the cost in a full year at 1982–83 levels would probably be less than £1 million.

    Agriculture, Fisheries And Food

    Trees And Hedgerows

    8.

    asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food what information is available to his Department that would enable an assessment to be made of the effect upon agricultural production, both in the long and short terms, of the removal of trees, hedgerows and hedges which has been carried out in the countryside in recent years.

    Farmers do not have to notify or obtain the consent of my Ministry to remove hedgerows, so we have no basis on which to make this assessment.

    Sheepmeat

    9.

    asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food what is the expected self-sufficiency percentage in sheepmeat for the 1982–83 marketing year.

    I cannot give a forecast of United Kingdom self-sufficiency for the 1982–83 marketing year.

    Hill And Marginal Land Farming

    12.

    asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food what assistance has been given to hill farmers and those farming marginal land since May 1979.

    In the period 1 April 1979 to 31 March 1982 £338 million is estimated to have been paid to farmers in the less favoured areas of the United Kingdom under the support schemes for agriculture in those areas.

    Beef Variable Scheme

    18.

    asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food what was the total value of the beef variable scheme in the 1981–82 marketing year.

    Total expenditure on the beef variable premium scheme in the 1981–82 European Community marketing year was 11·8 million.

    Agricultural Land (Ownership And Tenancies)

    23.

    asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food what percentage of agricultural land in the United Kingdom is (a) owner-occupied and (b) tenanted.

    In June 1981 in Great Britain, 58·7 per cent. of agricultural land was owner occupied and 41·3 per cent. tenanted. No detailed information is available for Northern Ireland where practically all land is owner occupied.

    Colorado Beetle

    24.

    asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food what further measures he is taking to prevent the infestation of Colorado beetles in this country.

    The temporary ban imposed at the end of April on imports of Italian vegetables has reinforced our seasonal campaign for everyone to be especially vigilant. As the recent emergency action has shown, our existing contingency arrangements enable urgent and appropriate measures to be taken when necessary.

    Common Fisheries Policy

    25.

    asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food if he will make a statement on his further discussions about a common fisheries policy.

    26.

    asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food what progress he has made towards the achievement of a common fisheries policy which meets the need of the British fishing industry.

    I refer the right hon. Member and hon. Member to the statement I made to the House on 30 June.

    Sheep Scab

    27.

    asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food how many cases of sheep scab have been notified in the past year.

    In the year 1 July 1981–30 June 1982 there have been 59 confirmed outbreaks of sheep scab in Great Britain.

    Less Favoured Area Support

    28.

    asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food if he will state the latest position concerning the United Kingdom application to the European Economic Community Commission for designated marginal land to be eligible for less favoured area support; and if he will make a statement.

    We hope shortly to be able to submit our case for extension to Brussels. As I have said in answer to a number of earlier questions, however, there is still no Government commitment to provide additional aid to any marginal areas which may eventually be designated as less favoured.

    Fishing Co-Operatives

    29.

    asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food if he will consider taking steps to set up a special fund to support the setting up the development of fishing co-operatives.

    Financial aid for new fishing co-operatives is already available from the Sea Fish Industry Authority.

    Farm Borrowing

    30.

    asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food if he expects an overall reduction in farm borrowing from the banks in 1982–83.

    Figures for May show that outstanding bank advances to the industry continue to increase, but at a slower rate than last year. Developments in 1983 will depend on a number of variables including the industry's revenue position, which in turn will depend on price levels and harvest conditions.

    Meat (Inspection And Control)

    31.

    asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food what is his policy for ensuring that constant standards of inspection and control of meat are maintained in premises supplying meat not destined for human consumption.

    Local authorities are responsible for enforcing the Meat (Sterilization) Regulations 1969 which control the disposal of meat that is unfit for human consumption. Strict enforcement of these regulations is clearly important.In order to improve the effectiveness of the controls, it is proposed to lay before Parliament shortly new regulations that will tighten up the existing legislation on unfit meat.

    "Food From Britain"

    32.

    asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food when he expects the "Food from Britain" organisation to begin to have an effect on British agricultural marketing.

    "Food from Britain" will be fully operational as soon as the necessary legislation is passed. I am confident that it will quickly make a positive contribution to the improvement of agricultural and food marketing.

    Farmed Fish (Diseases)

    33.

    asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food what progress is being made in the control of diseases of farmed fish; and if he intends to introduce further legislation in the near future.

    With my right hon. Friends the Secretaries of State for Scotland and Wales I am considering, in the light of comments received on the consultation documents issued last year, what steps are necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of fish disease. In the meantime full use is made of the powers available under the Diseases of Fish Act 1937 to control notifiable diseases of fish, including the current outbreak of whirling disease in England and Wales.

    Live Animals (Exports)

    34.

    asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food how many live animals were exported for slaughter in the most recent 12 months.

    A total of 109,600 sheep and lambs and 206 cattle, intended for export from Great Britain for immediate slaughter, were passed as fit to travel by Government veterinary officers in the 12 months to 5 June 1982. No calves or pigs were shipped for immediate slaughter.

    Thames Barrier

    35.

    asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food when he expects the Thames flood barrier to be in operation.

    I am advised by the Greater London Council, which is responsible for the construction of the barrier, that it expects that the construction will be sufficiently complete by mid-November this year to enable the gates to be operated in an emergency.

    Landlords And Tenants (Agreement)

    36.

    asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food if he is yet able to say when he proposes to introduce legislation to implement the agreement between the National Farmers Union and the Country Landowners Association in respect of agricultural landlords and tenants.

    I refer the hon. Member to the reply I gave earlier today to the hon. Members for Caithness and Sutherland (Mr. Maclennan) and Norfolk, North-West (Mr. Brocklebank-Fowler).

    Milk (Co-Responsibility Levy)

    37.

    asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food how many representations he has received in favour of the milk co-responsibility levy.

    The interests involved in this country are unanimous in their opposition to the levy and have therefore welcomed the reduction in the rate of levy which I secured at the last common agricultural policy price fixing. In future discussions in the Council, I shall continue to argue for the replacement of the levy by fairer and more effective measures to tackle the milk surplus.

    Forestry

    38.

    asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food whether he has received a copy of the recent discussion paper, "Forestry and Land Use", published by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors in January 1982; and if he will consider its proposals that the Forestry Commission and Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food should co-ordinate their grant-aid system in such a way as to promote the integration of forestry and agriculture.

    42.

    asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food whether he has received the recent discussion paper "Forestry and Land Use" published by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors in January 1982; and if he will make a statement on the paper's proposal that the Forestry Commission and his Ministry should co-ordinate their grant aid systems in such a way as to promote the integration of forestry and agriculture.

    I have seen the discussion paper and noted its contents. The Government are concerned with both agricultural and forestry production and in securing good land use. The new forestry grant scheme and its associated consultation procedures are a valuable aid to the planning of individual private forestry projects. I can see no compelling need to restructure the grants system which is no sense stands in the way of integrated land use on individual farms.

    Labelling Of Food Regulations 1980

    39.

    asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food if he will take steps to ensure that all foods sold non-packed or packed on retail premises are marked or advertised for sale with country of origin when the new Food Labelling Regulations 1980 come fully into force on 1 January 1983.

    No. The labelling requirements were fully discussed with all interests concerned before the food labelling regulations were made, and I am satisfied that they provide adequate information.

    Food Exports

    40.

    asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food what long-term estimates he has commissioned in his Department as to the build-up of United Kingdom food exports to European Economic Community and non-European Economic Community countries.

    My Department undertakes regular assessments of the prospects for exports of food to European Community and non-European Community markets.

    Food, Feed And Live Animals (Exports)

    41.

    asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food what are the latest available figures showing the percentage of the United Kingdom's total exports of food, feed and live animals accounted for by exports to other European Economic countries.

    The latest available trade figures are for March 1982 but since one month's figures cannot give a reliable indication of the percentage of the United Kingdom's exports of food, feed and live animals going to particular markets, the figures below are for the first quarter of 1982.

    United Kingdom exports of food, feed and live animals*to each European Community country as percentage of total value
    January to March 1982
    West Germany8·4
    France14·3
    Italy4·0
    Netherlands8·4
    Belgium/Luxembourg6·8
    Ireland14·4
    Denmark1·1
    Greece0·3
    European Community Nine57·7
    * Section of the Standard International Trade Classification.
    Source: Overseas Trade Statistics of the United Kingdom.

    Farming (Young Entrants)

    43.

    asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food if he is satisfied with the opportunities for young people entering the farming industry; and if he will make a statement.

    My policies for the farming industry are designed to provide opportunities for all within it, including young new entrants.

    Tea (Control Standards)

    44.

    asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food if, in the light of the fact that some low or medium quality teas sold in the United Kingdom contain tea of a quality unacceptable in some other countries, he will use his power to impose quality control standards for tea.

    I am not aware of teas being sold in the United Kingdom containing tea of a quality unacceptable in some other countries. Tea sold in the United Kingdom must comply with the requirements of the Food and Drugs Act 1955, under which it is an offence to sell to the prejudice of the purchaser any food that is not of the nature, or not of the substance or not of the quality demanded. Consumers in the United Kingdom have a wide choice of teas of all prices and qualities.

    Eggs (Battery Production)

    45.

    asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food if he will take steps to ensure that all eggs produced by the battery cage system are clearly marked "battery".

    No. EC Regulation 2772/75 controls the marking and labelling of eggs but makes no provision for either individual eggs or packs to indicate the method of production. Amendment of the regulation would require agreement at the Community level.

    Common Agricultural Policy

    46.

    asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food if he will make a further statement on his attempts to reform the common agricultural policy.

    I refer the hon. Member to the reply I gave earlier today to my hon. Friend the Member for Basildon (Mr. Proctor).

    Environment

    Rent Officers

    asked the Secretary of State for the Environment what are the qualifications required of an applicant for appointment as a rent officer; and whether such a person may hold a financial interest in residential property.

    There are no specific qualifications for the post of rent officer, but applicants are expected to possess judgment, common sense, tact and the ability to form an impartial view. Applicants for more senior posts must have relevant experience, and will often have passed the examinations of the Institute of Rent Officers. Having a financial interest in residential property does not constitute an automatic bar to appointment as rent officer, but serving rent officers are subject to a code of conduct designed to avoid any conflict between their statutory duties and any private interests they may have.

    Special Development Order Procedure

    asked the Secretary of State for the Environment how many times the special development order procedure has been used; and whether he has any plans to introduce further orders.

    Since 1949, 29 special development orders have been made in England and Wales under the Town and Country Planning Acts, including two orders laid recently to permit the development of the Vauxhall Cross site and to permit the laying of telecommunications equipment on railway operational land. No further orders are immediately in prospect, but my right hon. Friend intends to make use of this procedure whenever it seems appropriate.

    Wildlife And Countryside Act 1981

    asked the Secretary of State for the Environment when he intends to publish the code of guidance for areas of special scientific interest required by section 33 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981.

    The code of guidance for sites of special scientific interest required by section 33 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act was laid before both Houses of Parliament on 5 July. It is hoped that it will be possible to obtain the approval of both Houses before the summer recess. If so, publication should be possible by early September.

    1980–81 £ million1979–80 £ million1978–79 £ million1977–78 £ million1976–77 £ million
    Sales Commodities142149112115123
    Operational Services2423201917
    Customer Services4141302928
    207213162163168
    Demands for commodities placed directly by clients on suppliers under contracts arranged by PSA Supplies260264166147116
    Surplus after interest1·4301·7212·6145·2133·856
    Surplus before interest on long term borrowing as a per cent. of average net assets1112172827
    Total costs—historic terms
    Purchase of goods and services for resale158171125123130
    Salaries, wages, National Insurance Superannuation2522191918
    Other administrative overheads2016131314
    203209157155162

    Notes:

    Since PSA Supplies operates profitably on a Trading Fund basis no direct costs to public funds were incurred.

    Staff in post at 1 April 1982, 2,134; 1981, 3,007; 1980, 3,277; 1979, 3,629; 1978, 3,734; 1977, 4,022; 1976, 4,100.

    Acid Rain

    asked the Secretary of State for the Environment if the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology has applied for funding into research investigating acid rain for the year 1982–83 and subsequent years.

    The institute does not at present receive any DOE funds for acid rain research. For the future, the Department is reviewing its needs in this field and is holding discussions with, among others, the National Environmental Research Council, which sponsors the Institute. However, decisions on the research required, and the contractors, have yet to be taken.

    Swalecliffe

    asked the Secretary of the Environment (1) what were the design criteria on which he based his

    Property Services Agency

    asked the Secretary of State for the Environment what was the total number of dwellings completed by the Property Services Agency in 1981; what is the programme for 1982; and what allowance has been, or is being, made in that programme for construction of Service quarters or reconstruction of damaged houses in the Falkland Islands.

    The PSA completed 155 dwellings in 1981 and expects to complete 230 in 1982.

    asked the Secretary of State for the Environment whether he will bring up to date the statistical information regarding Property Services Agency supplies given by the hon. Member for Hampstead (Mr. Finsbery) on 13 April 1981, Official Report, c. 63–64.

    The statistical information requested is as follows. With the exception of staff in post at 1 April 1982 figures for 1981–82 are not yet available.decision on Swalecliffe sea defences, having regard to the evidence given at the public inquiry and the findings of the two assessors and the inspector;(2) whether his decision to reject the proposed coast protection scheme for Swalecliffe was determined by cost benefit factors;(3) why he did not give notice to Canterbury city council in advance of the inquiry that cost benefit analysis of the Swalecliffe coast protection scheme was going to be required;(4) whether he accepts the views of the inspector in his report on the proposed coast protection scheme at Swalecliffe, where he states the criteria used in the design., namely, a still water level of 5·49 metres—18 feet—AOD with a wave height of 6·5ft, and a zero crossing time of 6·5 seconds.

    Litigation has been started by the local authority against the decision. In the circumstances it would not be proper for me to make any comment concerning the subject matter of the litigation.

    Tortoises

    asked the Secretary of State for the Environment if Her Majesty's Government have agreed to the directive from the European Economic Community which requires owners or purchasers of tortoises to complete a form WLF1 committing themselves to providing a balanced and nutritional diet for tortoises; and if Her Majesty's Government also agreed to the penalty for failure to provide such an adequate diet at the level of £400.

    There is no such directive. By signing my Department's form WLF1, purchasers of tortoises undertake to keep them as directed by my right hon. Friend under section 6 of the Endangered Species (Import and Export) Act 1976. The Act specifies a maximum fine of £400 for failure to comply with such a direction.

    Homeless Persons (Housing Costs)

    asked the Secretary of State for the Environment if he will list in the Official Report for each local authority the housing management costs arising from housing applications from the homeless which may be

    Housing and ConstructionPlanningEnvironmental ServicesManagement Personnel and Common ServicesFinanceResearchLocal GovernmentAncient Monuments and Historic BuildingsDistrict AuditPSASuppliesTotal
    Senior Staff
    Permanent Secretary11
    Second Perm Secretary/Chief Executive112
    Deputy Secretary7310
    Under Secretary643121113149
    Executive Director2911
    Administration Group
    Assistant Secretary19½13½8126320186½
    Senior Principal151120234
    Principal484926431428101706277
    Senior Executive Officer23½31½107316216716416350
    Higher Executive Officer11011744186488143056410401,063
    Executive Officer16216656282841717571699571072,074
    Clerical Officer16821176½48911359½8107182,0863263,662
    Clerical Assistant335012½1132131616261571,042
    Administration Trainee441311115
    Professional and Technology Group
    Directing Grades5154130248
    Superintending Grades174113131403182
    PPTO59½834½5101050320650
    PTOI2787201281,777662,033
    PTOII12416352,1931512,420
    proIII415512,6351952,900
    PToIV144811,0581731,293½
    Other Technical and Drawing Office6223834829603½
    Scientific Group
    Chief Scientific Officer123
    Deputy Chief Scientific Officer2631
    Senior Principal Scientific Officer115122186
    Principal Scientific Officer211316511286
    Senior Scientific Officer38410011117
    Higher Scientific Officer444124½5141½
    Scientific Officer1485191
    Assistant Scientific Officer2828
    Research Officer Group
    Principal Research Officer5221411135
    Senior Research Officer1147161167
    Research Officer
    Planning Group
    Assistant Chief Planner101112

    debited to local authority housing revenue accounts; and how much housing subsidy was given in each case in the latest 12-month period for which figures are available.

    Local housing authorities debit expenditure to their housing revenue accounts in accordance with the Housing Finance Act 1972. The extent of housing management expenditure in respect of applications from homeless persons which can properly be debited is for individual authorities to decide in the light of the statutory requirements and their own professional judgment, subject to subsequent clearance by their auditors. My Department does not have information on the extent of such expenditure debited to HRAs. This can be obtained only from individual authorities. Exchequer housing subsidy is in any case not hypothecated to individual elements of expenditure on management.

    Departmental Staff

    asked the Secretary of State for the Environment how many civil servants are employed by his Department in each functional job category; in each such category, how many are of each rank; and for each such rank, what are the maxima and minima of the pay scales.

    [pursuant to his reply, 7 July 1982]: The numbers of civil servants, by grade and functional category, employed on 1 April 1982 are given in the table attached. Pay scales are given in the annexes to paragraph 1050 of the Civil Service pay and conditions of service code, a copy of which is in the main Library.

    Housing and Construction

    Planning

    Environmental Services

    Management Personnel and Common Services

    Finance

    Research

    Local Government

    Ancient Monuments and Historic Buildings

    District Audit

    PSA

    Supplies

    Total

    Superintendant Planner88
    Principal Planning Officer12512229
    Senior Planning Officer241227
    Deputy Chief Planning Inspector227
    Assistant Chief Planning Inspector88
    Principal Housing and Planning Inspector2525
    Senior Housing and Planning Inspector104104
    Housing and Planning Inspector5151

    Economics and Statistics Group

    Chief Statistician/Sen Economic Advisor235313
    Statistician/Economic Advisor7171712145
    Sen Asst Statistician/Sen Economic Asst12511½
    Assistant Statistician/Economic Assistant11

    Information Officer Group

    Principal Information Officer516
    Senior Information Officer7119
    Information Officer133119
    Assistant Information Officer224

    Auditors

    Inspector of Audit11
    District Auditor1212
    Deputy Disrict Auditor2727
    Senior Assistant District Auditor7070
    Assistant District Auditor111111
    Audit Examiner56½56½

    Solicitors

    Assistant Solicitor88
    Senior Legal Assistant28½.—28½
    Legal Assistant11

    Secretarial, Typing and Data

    Processor Grades7649½38424½3372½718½14734321,499
    Office Service Grades3½419714½2140723895

    Ancient Monuments and Historical Buildings

    Specialist Grades
    Royal Parks Constabulary133133
    Ancient Monuments Custodians123123
    Others209209

    Photographers

    Chief Photographer11
    Principal Photographer33
    Senior Photographer77
    Photographer11
    Other Miscellaneous Grades132½150588627½
    Industrial Grades119230½1,11613,17371615,354½
    Total7881,113391½2,422½372951½67½2,149547½28,0202,13438,956½