To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department (1) if he will call for reports from the appropriate chief constables, for the most recent five years for which figures are available, as to how many police officers were allocated to duties in (a) Derby, (b) Preston, Darlington, (d) Slough, (e) Luton and (f) Gloucester;(2) how many assaults on police officers have been recorded, for the most recent five years for which figures are available, in

The available information on police strength is as follows. Information on assaults on police officers is not available centrally and could be obtained only at disproportionate cost.

Police manpower
	Strength as at 31 December1
	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988
Derby division	545	545	545	547	544
Preston division	307	304	367	367	366
Darlington sub-division	136	143	154	150	160
Slough sub-division	181	175	1185	2146	146
Luton division	291	291	294	299	300
Gloucester sub-division	207	208	220	227	245
1 In all cases the police area extends beyond the boundary of the town.
2 Part of the Slough sub-division was transferred to Windsor resulting in a lower establishment and strength at Slough.

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department if, pursuant to his reply to the hon. Member for Gower 9 December 1988, Official Report, column 353, he has now completed his consultations regarding the European convention for the protection of pet animals; and if the United Kingdom will sign the convention, without any reservations on Article 10 on surgical operations.

No. Consultations on this convention are continuing.

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department (1) if he will list all new criminal offences enacted since 1979; if he will give details of the maximum penalty for each new criminal offence enacted since 1979; and if he will list all criminal offences abolished by legislation since 1979;(2) how many criminal offences were

We maintain no running record of criminal offences created or abolished. The information requested could be extracted from the statutes themselves only at disproportionate cost.

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what consideration he has given to making it a statutory requirement for official poll cards to be issued for parish and community council elections; and if he will make a statement.

Poll cards have to be issued at all parish and community elections where, as is the case with the great majority of such elections, they are combined with the poll for another election. Consideration was given, at the time of the making of the Local Elections (Parishes and Communities) Rules 1986, to making a poll card mandatory at all parish and community elections, but this would have obliged parishes and communities to meet relatively substantial costs even where they felt they could not afford to.

To ask the Secretary of State for the Flome Department (1) if his Department has made any grants directly to Cumbria county council between 1974 and 1979;(2) what grants his Department made directly to Cumbria county council since 1985.

My Department paid specific grant contributions to Cumbria county council during the period 1974 to 1979 towards the costs incurred by the council in funding the police, magistrates' courts and probation services in the county as well as civil defence provision and has continued to do so in all subsequent years. Grant has been paid at the rate of 80 per cent. of eligible expenditure for the magistrates' courts and probation service and 50 per cent. for the police service until the financial year 1986–87 and 51 per cent. thereafter. Civil defence expenditure has been grant aided either 75 per cent. or 100 per cent. throughout the period depending on the nature of the expenditure.

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department if he will make a statement on the progress of the case of Miss FR whose fiancé, Mr. JNA (reference A421085/2(S)) has applied for entry clearance.

Mr. JNA's application was referred to the Home Office by the entry clearance officer in Islamabad so that an interview could be arranged with Miss FR. The interview was carried out on 9 January 1989 at Manchester airport and a report of the interview was sent to the entry clearance officer in Islamabad on 24 February. His decision is awaited. As I undertook in my letter of 15 November to the hon. Member, I shall inform him of the outcome as soon as a decision has been reached.

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many professional staff left the Home Office forensic science service, other than on retirement on age grounds in each of the years 1986, 1987 and 1988; and if he will make a statement.

The number of scientific staff (including professional and technical grades) leaving the forensic science service, other than on retirement on age grounds were as follows:

	1986	1987	1988
Resignations:
ASO	24	12	12
SO	10	10	19
HSO	6	2	3
SSO	4	2	3
	44	26	37
Transfer	5	3	1
Medical retirement	1	1	—
Total	50	30	38

Remand prisoners held in specified Prison Service establishments on 30 June 1988: by ethnic origin and type of remand
Percentage
	Establishment and type of prisoner	White	Minority ethnic origins	Not recorded refused	Total
	Leicester and Lincoln:
	Untried	88	10	2	100
	Convicted unsentenced	94	5	1	100
	London:l
	Untried	56	37	6	100
	Convicted unsentenced	76	20	4	100
	Durham and Low Newton:
	Untried	90	1	9	100
	Convicted unsentenced	93	—	7	100
1 Brixton, Feltham, Holloway, Latchmere House, Pentonville, Wandsworth and Wormwood Scrubs.

To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Science what were the results of the inspection of Skegness grammar school, Lincolnshire, and Audenshaw high school, Tameside, by Her Majesty's inspectors.

There have been no formal reporting inspections of these schools in the recent past. In accordance with their normal practice for dealing with statutory proposals affecting schools, Her Majesty's inspectorate provided me with professional advice on the educational merits of the schools' proposals to become grant-maintained based on their knowledge of the schools concerned, including knowledge gained through recent visits. As with advice on other statutory proposals involving schools this advice was provided in confidence. I took account of it in my recent decisions to approve the proposals for grant-maintained status from these schools.

To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Science if he will list the names of the non-statutory organisations and bodies in receipt of grant or loans from his Department in 1988–89, stating in each case the amount, whether a grant or loan and the brief purpose of making the grant or loan.

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what percentage of prisoners held on remand in jails in Nottingham, London and Tyneside are from an ethnic minority; and if he will make a statement.

[holding answer 23 February 1989]: The latest readily available information is given in the table. Prisoners remanded in custody by courts in Nottinghamshire are normally received into Leicester and Lincoln prisons together with prisoners from Derbyshire, Leicestershire and Lincolnshire; remand prisoners from Tyne and Wear are normally received into Durham prison and Low Newton remand centre together with those from Cleveland, Cumbria, Northumberland and North Yorkshire.

My Department makes grants to a wide variety of bodies. In addition to capital grants and loans to voluntary aided schools; grants to non-maintained special schools and establishments for the handicapped; direct grants to nursery schools; grants to city technology colleges; and grants to the Royal College of Art, Cranfield institute of technology and to grant-aided colleges, the following bodies are in receipt of grants in 1988–89;

To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Science what assessment he has made of the impact that the Single European Act will have on his Department's operation of domestic policy; and if he will make a statement.

Education does not fall within the scope of the original EEC treaty and the Single European Act has not altered that situation. The Act will therefore have no direct impact upon the operation of domestic education policy. But the Government actively support co-operation between the member states in education matters, and we expect that the completion of the single European market will, over time, influence the demands made upon the education service by the employment sector.

To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Science (1) whether he will describe the arrangements which he will require for funding additional teaching hours in respect of a child transferred at age 11 years with a statement of special educational needs to a grant maintained school, where such funding would otherwise have been provided centrally by the local education authority;(2) what will be the continuing responsibility of a local education authority to provide additional staff or material resources in respect of pupils with statements of special educational needs after a school attains grant mantained status;(3) whether he will outline the methods and criteria by which he will resolve disputes between a grant maintained school and the local education authority over the allocation of resources in respect of a child which the school considers to be in need of formal assessment of special educational needs, but where the authority considers that the school is failing to perform their educational duties satisfactorily.

Local education authorities have responsibility under the Education Act 1981 for the assessment of children in their area who have, or may have, special educational needs which require the LEA to determine the special educational provision necessary to meet those needs. In such cases the LEA is required to make a statement specifying the special educational provision and to make such provision available. This duty extends to pupils placed in grant-maintained schools. Where a pupil with a statement is placed in a grant-maintained school, it will be for the authority to make available any additional resources required.

To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Science whether he will outline the arrangements which will be made to ensure that a pupil at a primary school with a statement of special educational needs is effectively reviewed by the local education authority prior to transferring to a grant maintained secondary school.

Local education authorities have a duty under the Education Act 1981 to review at least annually statements they have made for pupils with special education needs. This means that all such children will be reviewed in their last year of primary school, regardless of whether they will be transferring to a grant-maintained secondary school.

To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Science if he will set up a central fund administered by his Department to assist grant maintained schools with remissions of costs incurred on school expeditions, where it is no longer legally possible to make formal charges to parents, such a fund to match the remissions proposed in such circumstances by the local education authority.

Grant-maintained schools will receive in annual maintenance grant funding at the level they could have expected from their former maintaining authority, including an apportionment of the authority's central costs. This will include an apportionment of any provision made by the authority for remission of costs incurred on school expeditions.

To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Science if he will make it his policy not to regard it as an adverse factor, in deciding upon an application for grant maintained status, that the school in question accepts children from the ages of 11 to 14 years only, coming from a locally maintained primary school and proceeding to a locally maintained upper school with age range 14 to 19 years.

All secondary and middle-deemed secondary schools are eligible to apply for grant-maintained status irrespective of age range. My right hon.

To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Science whether he will outline the methods and criteria by which he will resolve disputes between the apportionment of expenditure on a defective roof at a grant-maintained school where the governors consider that the defect is an inherent problem of construction requiring capital expenditure and the local education authority consider it to be a maintenance responsibility.

Both maintenance and capital expenditure at a grant-maintained school will be the responsibility of the school governing body; the local education authority will not be involved. Grant-maintained schools will be able to apply to the Department for capital grant at 100 per cent. to cover approved capital expenditure, including expenditure on major structural repairs. My right hon. Friend will consider bids for capital grants from grant-maintained schools on their merits in the light of the resources available.

To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Science whether he will outline the methods and criteria by which he will resolve disputes between a grant-maintained school and the local education authority if the authority were to change the catchment areas of the primary schools feeding the grant-maintained school to that school's disadvantage.

The admissions arrangements for a grant-maintained school will be as agreed with my right hon. Friend and included in the school's articles of government. They will not normally be affected by admissions arrangements for primary schools.

To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Science if he will list the advantages he has identified for schools which opt out of local education authority control.

Grant-maintained schools will be free to manage themselves as they think best within the law. Parents will enjoy enhanced influence over their conduct. Greater diversity within the maintained education system will lead to healthy competition, and thereby foster higher educational standards all round. My right hon. Friend has already approved proposals from three schools to become grant-maintained. Many more are following in their footsteps.

To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Science what response he has made to those sections of the recent report of the interim advisory committee on teachers' pay which deal with remuneration and morale in the profession.

My right hon. Friend announced on 16 February, in answer to my hon. Friend the Member for Rugby and Kenilworth (Mr. Pawsey), Official Report columns 323–24, that he proposed to accept in full the recommendations contained in the second report of the interim advisory committee on school teachers' pay and conditions.

To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Science which modern foreign languages he proposes to specify for inclusion in the national curriculum.

I am proposing to make an order, jointly with my right hon. Friend the Secretary of State for Wales, under section 3(2)(b) of the Education Reform Act 1988 specifying two groups of modern foreign languages for the purposes of the national curriculum. Initially this order will apply to the requirement that pupils in key stage 3—aged approximately 11 to 14 years old—should study all the national curriculum foundation subjects, including a modern foreign language, for a reasonable time. That requirement was the subject of a commencement order made on 6 February 1989 which comes into force in England for most such pupils on 1 August 1989. My right hon. Friend is to make a commencement order bringing that requirement into force for pupils in Wales on 1 August 1989 for the core subjects, and on 1 August 1990 for the other foundation subjects including the modern foreign language.The first group of languages will consist of the working languages of the European Community (Danish, Dutch.. French, German, modern Greek, Italian. Portuguese, Spanish), and maintained schools will be required to offer pupils the opportunity to study at least one of these. The second group will include non-EC languages (Arabic, Bengali, Gujerati, Hindi, Japanese, Mandarin and Cantonese Chinese, Punjabi, Russian, Turkish, Urdu). Maintained schools will be allowed, but not required, to offer one or more of these in addition to those in the first group, as the national curriculum modern foreign language. The order will not restrict the choice from among the languages a school offers.The order does not affect the provision of second and subsequent modern languages, or classical languages, which remains at schools' discretion outside the national curriculum.I have today issued for consultation a draft of the order and of an accompanying circular. Copies have been placed in the Library. I am inviting comments from bodies representing local authorities, schools, teachers, churches, language professions, pupils with special educational needs, ethnic minority groups, industry and commerce, and others, by 14 April. Subject to the outcome of the consultations, I expect to publish the final circular and make an order around the end of April, to come into effect on 1 August 1989.

To ask the Prime Minister what action will be taken following the recent reviews of the Government statistical services; and if she will place copies of the reviews in the Library.

The Government are considering the report of the review established last summer on Government economic statistics. An announcement of the Government's conclusions and publication of the report will take place shortly.

To ask the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster if he will make a statement of progress on the introduction of information technologies to facilitate internal communications in his Department and the provision of information to the public concerning those areas for which he is responsible; and if he has any further plans to apply the newest technologies in these fields.

As part of the Department's agreed IT strategy a number of developments are taking place which will facilitate internal communications in the Department. These include:

a programme, now virtually complete, to replace aging telephone exchanges with modern digital equipment; an electronic mail pilot currently serving 1,000 staff;

a data communications network linking some 2,000 computer terminals to central computers;

increasing use of FAX, with machines being installed at the rate of one a week.

Future plans include the use of videoconference facilities and public access to DTI databases containing company and export information, security and data protection withstanding.

To ask the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster how many accidents to children occurred in the home in each year since 1978 involving (a) cleaning products, (b) internal glass doors and (c) cookers, excluding hot plates, rings and hobs.

[holding answer 2 March 1989]: National estimates of the number of accidents to children involving cleaning products, glass doors and cookers, excluding hot plates, rings and hobs are shown in the table. These estimates are based on accident details provided by the 20 participating hospitals in the home accident surveillance system and evaluated by the research section of the consumer safety unit. Information prior to 1980 is not available in this form.

Year	Cleaning products	Glass doors1	Cookers
1980	7,000	15,000	3,600
1981	11,500	15,600	3,400
1982	11,300	13,000	2,700

To ask the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster what plans he has to regulate products bearing eco labels in the light of current European Commission proposals for the introduction of a pan-European label; and if he will make a statement.

[holding answer 7 February 1989]: None.

To ask the Lord President of the council if he will name the most recent Bill introduced under the private Members' procedures which received Royal Assent without having bee allocated any additional time by the Governnent of the day and which had a division of either Second or Third Reading; and if he will indicate the date upon which that Royal Assent was given.

The House divided on the Third Reading of the Motor Vehicles (Wearing of Rear Seat Belts by Children) Bill on Friday 13 May 1988. Royal Assent was given to the Bill on Tuesday 28 June 1988.

To ask the Attorney-General, how many (a) Queen's Counsel, (b) junior counsel and (c) solicitors are currently practising in Northern Ireland.

There are 31 Queen's counsel and 285 junior counsel practising in Northern Ireland. 1,210 solicitors hold practising certificates.

To ask the Attorney-General if he will give details of current times from application to hearing of an appeal against refusal of entry clearance for applicants appealing at different places in the Indian sub-continent.

Statistics about the time taken to complete individual appeals are not available. Neither are any statistics available on the time taken by the immigration appellate authorities to process appeals from different parts of the Indian sub-continent once they arrive at the appellate authorities' offices in London. It is, however, estimated that the current time taken from application to the hearing of appeals against refusal of entry clearance for appliants appealing at different places in the Indian sub-cpontinent is as follows:(a) From receipt of the notice of appeal lodged at posts in the Indian sub-continent to preparation of the entry clearance officer's explanatory statement and despatch of the papers to the appellate authorities in London:

	months
Dacca	2–5
Islamabad	3
Karachi	1–3
New Delhi	2–3
Madras	1
Bombay	3
Calcutta	1

(b) From receipt of the notice of appeal by the appellate authorities in London to despatch of the appeal papers to both parties' representatives in the United Kingdom: 4–8 weeks.(c) From receipt of papers by both parties' representatives to the issue by each party of a certificate of readiness to proceed: this is in the hands of the parties, and times vary from a few weeks to several months. If no response is received within nine months the appeal is automatically listed for hearing.(d) From certification of readiness to proceed to the hearing date: up to 6 weeks, but longer where the parties request adjournments.

To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland what progress he has made with the privatisation of Short Bros. plc.

I have now received six preliminary proposals from interested parties for the purchase of the company. I have asked two of these to submit final

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport what has been Hampshire county council's allocation for

To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland how often the powers embodied in the Land Acquisition and Compensation (Northern Ireland) Order 1973, article 9, have been used in each year since it came into force; and what were the total reductions in cash terms in each of those years or, if more convenient, financial years.

[holding answer 28 February 1989]: The information requested is not readily available and could be obtained only at disproportionate cost, hut the number of such cases in any year resulting in reductions are thought likely to have been very few.

To ask the Secretary of State for Wales what was (a) the number of ancillary stalls employed in the National Health Service in Wales as of 30 September 1988, excluding nurse auxiliaries; (b) the number of whole-time equivalents in Wales; (c) the average hours of ancillary staffs by grade, together with average pay by grade; and (d) the average hours of part-time ancillary staffs by grade and average pay, broken down by male and female for each of categories (b),(c) and (d).

The information requested is shown in the table.spending on roads each year since 1979 expressed in

The present capital allocation system was introduced under the Local Government Planning and Land Act, 1980 and commenced in 1981–82. The previous system, called loans sanctions, is not comparable with the present system. Figures for 1979–80

	Cash terms		Real terms1
Year	Capital allocation	Percentage increase/decrease on previous year Per cent.	Capital allocation £ million	Percentage increase/ decrease on previous year Per cent.
1981–82	210·828	—	215·525	—
1982–83	212·206	12·7	216·334	5·2
1983–84	13·632	11·7	17·448	6·8
1984–85	15·;760	15·6	19·200	10·0
1985–86	15·550	-1·3	17·;974	-6·4
1986–87	15·650	0·6	17·506	-2·6
1987–88	13·650	-12·8	14·503	-17·1
1988–89	11·020	-19·3	11·020	-24·0
1989–90	10·880	-1·3	10·362	-6·0
1 Converted to 1988–89 prices using GDP deflator.
2 Figures also include a very small amount for public transport.

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport what has been the capital allocation for roads in West Sussex in each of the last five years.

The information requested is given in the following table:

Year	Capital Allocation for Roads (£ million)
1985–86	8·300
1986–87	8·370
1987–88	7·200
1988–89	7·460
1989–90	3·300

The figure for 1989–90 reflects the reduction in the county's TSG programme as four major schemes—A24 improvements at Farthings hill and Dial Post, A264 Horsham northern bypass and A272 Cuckfield bypass—open to traffic and expenditure on them tails off.

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport if he will publish a table showing the capital allocation for roads in each of the shire counties at the latest convenient date.

The 1989–90 roads capital allocations for the shire counties were included in my reply to the hon. Member for Lewisham, Deptford (Ms. Ruddock) on 16 February 1989 at columns 287–90.

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport whether he will now announce his decision on the application by the British Rail board and West Midlands Passenger Transport Executive for approval of a scheme to electrify the Lichfield-Redditch cross-city line.

No proposal has been submitted for approval. I understand that British Rail is doing further work on the case. If the case for electrification is financially robust, we shall be happy to approve it.

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport with how many groups he is in negotiation about the future of the Settle to Carlisle railway; and when he expects to make an announcement on the future of the line.

My right hon. Friend is not negotiating with anyone, but British Rail is actively considering whether the line could be run by the private sector were he to decide to give consent to withdrawal of British Rail passenger services. My right hon. Friend will make a statement when he has fully considered all the evidence.

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport if he will make it his policy to gather statistics on the number of guards on (a) British Rail trains, (b) London Regional Transport buses and (c) London Regional Transport underground in 1978, 1984 and the latest year available.

No. This is a management matter for the operators.

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport if Government normal accountancy controls have identified any differences or defects with the contract for the Chapel-en-le-Frith/Whaley bridge bypass, as raised in his answer to the hon. Member for Stretford, 29 July 1988, Official Report, column 775.

[holding answer 2 March 1989]: We are continuing with our investigations. The final account has not yet been submitted.

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer what impact the changes in capital gains taxes in the Finance Act 1988 have had on the level of activity on the stock exchange.

I am not aware of any evidence that the changes in capital gains taxes in the 1988 Finance Act have had a significant impact on stock market activity over any period of time since their announcement in the 1988 Budget.

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer if he will make a statement of progress on the introduction of information technologies to facilitate internal communications in his Department and the provision of information to the public concerning those areas for which he is responsible; and if he has any further plans to apply the newest technologies in these fields.

The Treasury uses a range of information technology equipment including word processors, micro and mainframe computers and electronic networks and mail.The equipment supports a variety of activities including econometric modelling, public expenditure monitoring and control, Civil Service pay and records systems, management information, text production and internal communications.It is also used in the production and publication of a range of documents including the Public Expenditure White Paper and Supply Estimates. Along with other departments, the Treasury has begun sending information electronically to the media.

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer (1) how many people are now making contributions under the payroll giving scheme; what is the total amount given to charity; and what is the cost to the Exchequer;(2) what is the percentage of taxpayers who are in the payroll giving scheme.

It is estimated that about 100,000 employees are currently participating in the payroll giving scheme. This represents about 0·5 per cent. of all income taxpayers. Information on the amount of donations is only available for 1987–88, the first year of the scheme, when about £1 million was donated. The level of donations is expected to be substantially higher in 1988–89. The cost of the income tax relief in 1987–88 was about £300,000.

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer what is the total cost so far of business expansion tax relief for 1988–89; and what was the cost in previous years of the scheme.

A forecast of £100 million for the cost of relief for the business expansion scheme in 1988–89 was published in the Government's expenditure plans, 1989–90 to 1991–92, (Chapter 21), but no information is yet available centrally from official sources to provide a reliable estimate. The estimated cost of relief for earlier years is as follows:

	£ million
1983–84	50
1984–85	75
1985–86	85
1986–87	95
1987–881	120

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer (1) how much tax relief has gone to the business expansion scheme on residential property; and what his estimate is of the full year cost of tax relief.(2) what is his estimate of the cost of business expansion scheme tax relief on residential property in 1989–90 and 1990–91.

No information on the cost of the business expansion scheme tax relief for investments in residential property is yet available centrally from official sources. Costs in 1989–90 and 1990–91 will depend on take-up.

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer how many investigators are employed by the Inland Revenue to detect fraud in Scotland relating to income tax, allowances and corporation tax; what is the sum recovered in the most recent year for which figures are available; and what number of staff he expects to be employed on this work in each of the next three years.

There are currently 287 staff units directly engaged on tax investigation work in Scotland. In 1987–88 they brought in tax, interest and penalties totalling £68·91 million. The Inland Revenue will continue to keep the number of investigators in Scotland under review.

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer how many people are employed in running the premium bond system.

The number of people employed in running the premium bond system as at 1 February 1989 was 1,292.

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer what is the annual cost of distributing dividends to those who hold £10 or less of 34½per cent war stock.

I regret that this information could be obtained only at disproportionate cost.

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer (1) what are the current shortages of staff as against: entitlement in the Inland Revenue for each grade in (a) London and (b) the south-east;(2) what is the current rate of turnover of staff in each grade of the Inland Revenue in

[holding answer 21 February 1989]: The information, in relation to the main grades, is as follows:

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer if he will tabulate the income tax thresholds and respective rates of income tax for each financial year since 1959–60 for the United Kingdom; if he will provide similar information available to him for the Isle of Man; and if he will make a statement.

[holding answer 27 February 1989]: The main thresholds and rates in the United Kingdom and the Isle of Man for every fifth year since 1959–60 are given in the tables. Complete information on all personal reliefs, allowances and rates of income tax in the United Kingdom 1959–60 to 1988–89 is published in The Taxes Acts, volume 2 (Income tax, corporation tax and capital gains tax), tables A-N. Information on income tax rates and thresholds in the Isle of Man is published in The Isle of Man Tax Amendment Acts.