To ask the Prime Minister how many staff in his Office are paid on a performance-related basis. [50488]

For these purposes my office forms part of the Cabinet Office. I refer the hon. Member to the answer given to him by my hon. Friend the parliamentary Secretary for the Cabinet Office (Mr. Murphy) on Monday 13 February 2006, Official Report, column 1543W.

To ask the Prime Minister if he will visit Shrewsbury to meet leading charity organisations, councillors and the mayor. [50091]

I have no current plans to do so.

To ask the Prime Minister if he will place in the Library a copy of the memorandum prepared by Sir David Manning on matters discussed and decisions taken at his meeting with President Bush at the White House on 31 January 2003. [50241]

To ask the Prime Minister whether an official minute was made of his meeting with President Bush and his advisers on 31 January 2003. [51447]

Information relating to internal meetings, discussion and advice is not disclosed as to do so could harm the frankness and candour of internal discussion.

To ask the Prime Minister

(1) what his policy is on the procurement of fair trade produce for consumption in his Office; [49978]

(2) how much and what proportion of his Office's catering budget was spent on fair trade produce in the last period for which figures are available. [49979]

For these purposes my Office forms part of the Cabinet Office and I refer the hon. Member to the answer given by the then Minister for the Cabinet Office (Douglas Alexander) to the hon. Member for Buckingham (Mr. Bercow) on 11 December 2003, Official Report, column 574W.

To ask the Prime Minister if he will make it his policy to seek parliamentary approval for major changes to the structure and responsibilities of Government departments; and if he will make a statement. [50138]

I continue to discharge my responsibilities as set out in the ministerial code.

To ask the Prime Minister on which dates he has visited British soldiers injured in Iraq; and what locations were visited. [50367]

I refer the hon. Member to the afternoon press briefing given by my official spokesman on 1 February 2006, a copy of which is available on the No. 10 website.

To ask the Prime Minister how many parliamentary questions tabled in the last 12 months for answer by him on a named day (a) were transferred and (b) received a substantive answer (i) on the day named and (ii) after the day named. [49878]

My office aims to answer all ordinary written parliamentary questions within five working days, and named day written parliamentary questions on the day named.

In the period from January 2005 to January 2006, 181 named day parliamentary questions were tabled to my office. Of these, 135 received a substantive answer on the day named, five received a substantive answer after the day named, and 41 were transferred to another Government Department for reply.

To ask the Prime Minister how many ordinary written parliamentary questions tabled for answer by him in the last 12 months have been answered (a) within 14 days, (b) between 14 and 28 days, (c) between 28 days and two months and (d) in excess of two months after the date of tabling; and if he will make a statement. [49898]

My office aims to answer all ordinary written parliamentary questions within five working days, and named day written parliamentary questions on the day named.

In the period from January 2005 to January 2006, 331 ordinary written parliamentary questions received an answer within five working days. 41 questions were answered after five working days.

To ask the Prime Minister how many decisions were taken by Ministers using prerogative powers in the last year for which figures are available. [50856]

I refer my hon. Friend to the answer I gave the hon. Member for Orkney and Shetland (Mr. Carmichael) on 25 June 2002, Official Report, column 802W.

To ask the Prime Minister when he expects to make an announcement on whether the ban on intercepting hon. and right hon. Members' telephone communications is to be lifted. [51834]

I have nothing further to add to my written ministerial statement, 15 December 2005, Official Report, column 173WS and my answers at Prime Minister's Questions on 18 and 25 January.

To ask the Prime Minister pursuant to his answer of 6 February 2006, Official Report, column 852W, on torture, whether he understood the US Secretary of State's statement to represent a change in US policy. [50552]

I have nothing further to add to the answer I gave the hon. Member on 6 February 2006, Official Report, column 852W.

To ask the Prime Minister pursuant to his answer of 6 February 2006, Official Report, column 852W, on torture, what assessment he has made of whether the US's interpretations of its obligations under the convention against torture differ from internationally accepted interpretations of those obligations. [50553]

Secretary of State Rice confirmed in her statement on 5 December 2005 that it is US policy to comply with the UN convention against torture. On ratifying the convention, the US entered a reservation stating that it

considers itself bound by the obligation under Article 16 to prevent" cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment" only insofar as the term cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment" means the cruel, unusual and inhumane treatment or punishment prohibited by the Fifth, Eighth, and/or Fourteenth Amendments to the constitution of the United States".

The US also entered a number of formal understandings of its convention obligations. Other states have also made reservations and interpretative declarations in respect of their obligations under the convention.

To ask the Prime Minister if he will make it his policy to seek parliamentary approval, whenever practicable, before the UK goes to war; and if he will make a statement. [50137]

I refer my hon. Friend to the answer I gave my hon. Friend the Member for Ilford South (Mike Gapes) during my evidence to the Liaison Committee on Tuesday 7 February.

To ask the Secretary of State for Wales if he will make a statement on recent crime figures in Wales. [50383]

I am very pleased that during 2004–05 recorded crime in Wales fell by 7 per cent.

To ask the Secretary of State for Wales how many representations he has received from Gwent (a) in favour and (b) against the proposed police reorganisation. [50385]

In addition to meeting a wide range of stakeholders from across Wales, I have received seven letters from correspondents in Gwent—including from my hon. Friend. They are not easy to catalogue in the way requested. I can, however, inform the hon. Member that on 6 February the chief constable of Gwent said

"We have more chance to give the public a policing service it desires by looking at the efficiencies of merging the four forces than we have as four forces standing alone."

To ask the Secretary of State for Wales what recent discussions he has had with the National Assembly for Wales Government on the development of onshore wind farms in Wales; and if he will make a statement. [50386]

I have regular discussions. In particular my right hon. Friend the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry is considering the application for Gwynt y Mor under the set procedures.

I personally recognise the benefit to Wales of the project, which is capable of powering 500,000 homes.

To ask the Secretary of State for Wales what discussions he has had with the National Assembly for Wales Government Minister for Economic Development and Transport on improving rail links from the South Wales Valleys to Cardiff. [50387]

My right hon. Friend and I regularly discuss transport matters with Welsh Assembly Government colleagues.

The Assembly Government are providing almost £28 million for the Ebbw Valley railway project to accommodate passenger services between Ebbw Vale, Cardiff and Newport.

To ask the Secretary of State for Wales what discussions he has had with the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions on the likely impact of the Disability Discrimination Act 2005 in Wales. [50388]

My right hon. Friend and I have regular discussions with ministerial colleagues on a variety of topics. My hon. Friend the Minister for Disabled People (Mrs. McGuire) recently met Jane Hutt, the Assembly Equalities Minister, to discuss specific disability matters.

From 4 December 2006 there will be a general duty on public sector bodies to promote equality of opportunity for disabled people.

To ask the Secretary of State for Wales if he will make a statement on Government support to voluntary groups who help rehabilitate young offenders in Wales. [50389]

The Welsh Assembly Government currently provides assistance to the Nacro Cymru to support their work in rehabilitating young offenders in Wales.

To ask the Secretary of State for Wales what discussions he has had with the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions on the Pathways to Work pilot in Wales. [50384]

My right hon. Friend and I have regular discussions with ministerial colleagues on a range of issues, including measures aimed at tackling economic inactivity, such as Pathways to Work.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what percentage of African, Caribbean and Pacific country sugar production was produced by Mauritius in the last period for which figures are available. [49631]

Total production in the ACP Sugar Protocol countries in 2004 was 4,391,190 tonnes. Production in Mauritius accounted for 13.8 per cent. of the total¹ .

Preferential imports from ACP countries into the EU are planned to total 1,297,264 tonnes in the 2005–06 marketing year. Imports from Mauritius are planned to be 37.9 per cent. of that total.

¹ Source

ISO Sugar Year Book 2004

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs how many gallons of biofuel she estimates will have been sold in Shropshire by (a) 2009 and (b) 2015. [50104]

In November 2005, the Government announced that a Renewable Transport Fuels Obligation will be introduced. This will require 5 per cent. of all UK fuel to come from a renewable source by 2010. Target levels for 2008–09 and 2009–10 will be announced in Budget 2006.

Information on fuel sales is not collected on a regional basis so it is not possible to give estimates for Shropshire. Provisional figures for 2005 for the whole of the UK give annual biodiesel and bioethanol sales of nearly 26 million gallons. To meet a 5 per cent. target at current usage would require around 540 million gallons.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what EU funding is available for farmers to grow biomass crop. [50972]

DEFRA's energy crops scheme provides grants to establish short rotation coppice and miscanthus for use in heat and electricity generation, and to set up short rotation coppice producer groups. Part of the funding for this scheme comes from the European agricultural guidance and guarantee fund. Under the Common Agricultural Policy, farmers can also receive the single payment when these energy crops are grown on set-aside land. They can be grown on single payment land if the EU's €45 per hectare energy aid payment is also claimed. Oilseed rape and wheat can be grown on set-aside land under contract for processing into transport biofuels. These crops can also be grown on single payment land and are then eligible for the energy aid payment.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

(1) what compensation was paid by her Department to farmers in Shrewsbury and Atcham constituency for cattle affected by bovine tuberculosis in (a) 2002 and (b) 2005; [50761]

(2) how many cases of bovine tuberculosis were registered in Shrewsbury and Atcham constituency in (a) 2002, (b) 2003 and (c) 2005. [50766]

Disaggregated data on compensation paid to farmers for cattle affected by bovine tuberculosis (TB) are not held centrally.

Data on cases of bovine TB are not available at the level requested. Figures for the county of Shropshire are tabulated as follows.

⁽¹⁾ in 2001, the TB testing and control programme was largely suspended due to the foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreak. When testing resumed in 2002, resources were concentrated on herds with overdue TB tests which would have had a longer period in which to contract the disease. Also the proportion of high risk herds tested immediately after the FMD outbreak was greater than that prior to the outbreak. As a result, data for 2002 is not comparable with other years.

Note:

2005 data downloaded from the State Veterinary Service database on 16 January 2006. 2002 and 2003 data downloaded on 19 May 2005. All data are provisional and subject to change as more data become available.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what assessment she has made of the merits of introducing Double British Summertime as a means of improving the UK's record on climate change; and if she will make a statement. [51201]

A study by the Building Research Establishment commissioned by Defra for the purposes of the current review of the UK Climate Change Programme has concluded that, while a switch to Double British Summertime would reduce energy use for domestic lighting and non-domestic cooling, these savings would be more than offset by increased demand for non-domestic heating and lighting. The study therefore concluded that a switch to Double British Summertime was unlikely to lead to a reduction in the UK's carbon dioxide emissions.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what discussions she has had with other Departments on (a) the regulatory framework for carbon capture and storage in the UK and (b) tax incentives for large scale capture and storage demonstration projects; and if she will make a statement. [50602]

The UK is working with other parties to clarify the legal basis for carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) under the marine treaties, as the treaties were not drafted to take CCS into account. A meeting of the contracting parties to the London convention in October 2006 will consider how best to facilitate and/or regulate carbon sequestration in the sub-seabed.

Following interdepartmental consultation, which included with DEFRA, the Crown Estates and the Department of Trade and Industry, the DTI is setting up a task force to consider and develop if necessary the appropriate regulation to enable CCS activities in the UK. In addition, DEFRA is considering how marine planning aspects of CCS should be included in the Marine Bill.

Tax issues are a matter for the Treasury and will be considered by the Chancellor as part of the Budget process. The 2005 Pre-Budget Report announced that the Government will consult further on the barriers to wide-scale commercial deployment of CCS in the UK, and the potential for economic incentives in addressing those barriers.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what proportion of Carbon Trust grants have been allocated to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs); and what guidance she has issued to the Trust on making grants to SMEs. [50285]

The Carbon Trust is a private company grant funded by DEFRA and the devolved administrations to lead on energy efficiency support for the business and public sector in the UK, and support the development of low carbon technology. Since the Trust is a private company DEFRA does not provide detailed guidance on its approach to its own work, however we are content that the Trust takes account of the needs of SMEs in developing its activities.

The Carbon Trust inform me that in 2004–05 they provided over £18.1 million of direct support for SME's which accounts for just under a third of DEFRA Grant funding received.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what funding has been given by her Department to the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology in each of the last five years. [48176]

DEFRA has given the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology the following funding in each of the last five years.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what estimate she has made of the change in the amount of carbon dioxide emissions from commercial buildings in England in each year since 1997; and if she will make a statement. [49538]

Estimates of carbon emissions from commercial buildings in England since 1997 are presented in the table.

These estimates are based on energy consumption data from the Digest of UK Statistics (DUKES) for the commercial and miscellaneous sectors. The data take account of emissions incurred by providing electricity and other forms of delivered energy for use in the buildings. Emissions for England have been estimated by scaling on the basis of the ratio of total carbon emissions from England for 2003 to that of the UK. The DUKES allocation between commercial and public sector may mean that this data underestimates emissions from the commercial sector. Much of the variation observed is attributable to annual changes in the emissions from electricity generation.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what percentage of UK carbon dioxide emissions come from buildings other than household dwellings; and if she will make a statement. [49540]

In 2003, 13 per cent. of total UK carbon emissions arise from energy use in buildings in the service sector. This is based on delivered energy consumption data for the public, commercial and miscellaneous sectors published in DUKES 2005 (the service sector) and delivered energy emission factors for fuels used in buildings.

In addition to energy used in the service sector a proportion of energy used by industry will be used to provide building services. Assuming 20 per cent. of carbon emissions for industry is for building services, non-domestic buildings would account for 18 per cent. of the UK carbon emissions in 2003.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what plans her Department has to change the London allowance of its staff; and if she will make a statement. [50002]

The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs does not pay an allowance to staff working in London.

Instead it operates and maintains two separate sets of pay ranges for staff working in the London and national pay areas. The effect of this, is that for staff employed in the London pay area, they receive a pay lead over those staff employed in the national pay area.

There are no immediate plans to consider changes to the existing differential pay arrangements that exist between the London and national pay areas. However, the Department will continue to monitor and evaluate the relative pay position of staff employed in the London pay area, with a particular focus on recruitment and retention issues.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what assessment she has made of the potential impact on the environment if each household (a) had one energy-efficient lightbulb fitted and (b) ceased to leave televisions on standby overnight. [51323]

Studies carried out by the Energy Saving Trust and Defra via the Market Transformation Programme estimate that:

(a) if each UK household replaced a traditional light bulb with an equivalent compact fluorescent light they would save on average 33KWh of electricity per annum—around 840GWh per annum across the UK;

(b) if all of the 63 million televisions in use in the UK were not left on standby the UK would save around 1,000 GWh per annum.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what role English Nature plays in (a) advising on and (b) approving regional spatial strategies of regional chambers. [51105]

English Nature plays an important role in the planning process, as a statutory consultee, and in providing proactive guidance to regional and local authority planners on their regional spatial strategies (RSS). The agency contributes by responding to formal consultations, having strong involvement with RSS working groups, and advising on sustainability appraisal and strategic environmental assessment. The advice given by English Nature makes sure that biodiversity and geological conservation interests are taken fully into account during the decision making process.

In particular, the Government's Planning Policy Statement 9 (published in August 2005) sets out policies on protection of biodiversity and geological conservation through the planning system. These policies need to be taken into account by regional planning bodies in the preparation of regional spatial strategies, and regional planning bodies should liaise closely with regional biodiversity fora or equivalent bodies, English Nature or its successors.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what assessment she has made of the environmental implications of replacing glass bottles and glasses with plastic versions in pubs, clubs and bars. [50819]

The Department has not carried out such an assessment.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what recent assessment her Department has made of the impact on hill farming of the timescale for implementing a replacement scheme for the hill farming allowance in (a) Westmorland and Lonsdale and (b) England. [50789]

holding answer 13 February 2006

The Hill Farm Allowance will end this year, when the current rural development programming period finishes. We are looking at the best ways to support upland communities using rural development funding from 2007 onwards. We will consult on the options shortly.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs how much in EU subsidies farmers in the UK received in each year between 1997 and 2005. [50978]

Farmers in the United Kingdom receive a variety of payments which are recorded in the income account of the economic accounts for agriculture prepared by DEFRA annually. A summary is show in the following table.

£ million

⁽²⁾ Provisonal

Source:

Defra Statistics

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what her estimate is of the total weight of discards to date under the Common Fisheries Policy. [50529]

Discarding at sea is carried out not only as a result of quota limitations under the CFP, but also in reaction to the particular economics of the industry at the time, for example the prevailing prices of respective species. No systematic recording of this process is undertaken at community level to produce an accurate estimate of the total tonnage of all species discarded.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what assessment has been made by (a) her Department and (b) the Environment Agency of the causes of the River Roding flood on 30 October 2000; and what (i) schemes are in place and (ii) plans have been made to prevent a future flood. [50609]

Defra has policy responsibility for management of flood risk in England, funds most of the Environment Agency's flood risk activities and provides grant aid on a project by project basis to the other flood risk management operating authorities to support their investment in improvement works. The Agency has powers to undertake works on designated main rivers" while the London borough of Redbridge (LBR) has similar powers for ordinary watercourses". Defra has funded three studies carried out by LBR since 2000 on the non-main river aspects of flood risk.

The Agency believes the flooding was primarily caused by the surface water drainage system backing up and being unable to discharge into the river. This affected properties and roads in the Chigwell Road area of Woodford Green.

Since 2000, the Agency has carried out repairs to a low spot in the flood defences behind the Broadmead Baptist Church and selective de-silting and reed removal upstream and downstream of Chigwell Road to maintain channel flow capacity. Thames Water and LBR have repaired missing or broken flap valves to the outfalls in the river. This will prevent river water backing up into the drainage system at times of high flow but a risk of flooding remains because surface water drainage will not be able to discharge into the river during periods of high flows.

The Agency is to complete a flood risk management strategy for the Roding Catchment early this summer. A flood storage area in the upper catchment of the Roding is considered to be the most sustainable solution, economically and environmentally. The Agency patrols for debris every other month, carries out annual tree/hedge/bankside vegetation management during winter months, ad-hoc blockage/obstruction removal and regular inspections and monitoring of flood defence assets.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what steps she is taking to enable post-release monitoring of the potential health and environmental effects of a genetically modified organism to take place as required by EU Directive 2001/18. [50533]

The UK has fully implemented directive 2001/18/EC. This directive requires that a company which submits an individual GMO for approval provides a plan setting out the post-market monitoring that they will carry out. This plan is then considered as part of the application, revised if necessary to the satisfaction of scientific experts, and its implementation is then made a condition of any consent issued.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs when the public consultations on co-existence between genetically modified (GM) and non-GM crops is expected to begin. [50535]

We expect to issue a consultation paper this spring.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs when she expects to secure from the EU traditional speciality guaranteed status for pork and bacon from pedigree Gloucestershire Old Spot pigs. [50306]

Officials have worked closely with the applicant group seeking to register the name, Gloucestershire Old Spots Pigmeat, as a traditional speciality guaranteed product (TSG) under the EU Protected Food Name Scheme. The application was forwarded to the Commission for their consideration in 2004. The Commission has six months within which to consider such applications although this period can be extended if the Commission raise questions about the application.

We are still waiting to hear from the Commission whether it has got any queries about the application and share the concern of the applicant group about the long delay. That is why we have been in regular contact with the Commission over the last 18 months to chase up progress on this application. Until we hear from the Commission it is difficult to give an indication as to when the application process will be completed. Officials last contacted the Commission on 23 January 2006 and understand that a response is imminent.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what the UK Government's position is on the European Commission's policy of imposing fines on the French government in relation to the adoption of EU legislation on the handling of genetically modified organisms, with particular reference to the need to introduce safety standards. [49587]

I have been asked to reply.

Under the Treaty of Rome, it is properly the function of the European Commission to pursue action against member states that fail to implement EC Directives. The UK Governments' policy is to implement EU directives; Directive 90/219/EEC as amended by 98/81/EC on the contained use of genetically modified micro-organisms has been fully transposed into UK law.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs if she will visit Shrewsbury constituency to discuss milk prices with Shropshire dairy farmers. [49065]

Provided competition law is respected, the Government does not get involved in discussions about price. However, issues around the state of the industry are regularly discussed in the Dairy Supply Chain Forum, which is chaired by my noble Friend, Lord Bach. Ministers also make regular dairy-related visits, for example my noble Friend, Lord Bach visited a dairy farm on 27 January.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

(1) what discussions she has had with English Nature about the likely impact on Monks Wood National Nature Reserve of the proposed closure of the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Research Establishment; [49181]

(2) what assessment she has made of the likely impact on the management of Monks Wood National Nature Reserve of the proposed closure of the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Research Establishment. [49182]

The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is currently consulting widely with stakeholders on proposals on how best the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology can contribute on a sustainable basis to maintaining the quality of environmental science in the UK. DEFRA will be responding to this consultation.

English Nature undertakes the management of the Monks Wood National Nature Reserve, and will also have the opportunity to respond to the consultation. NERC will need to consider all the evidence and views on the potential impact of the proposals, including any representations a bout the Monks Wood National Nature Reserve.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what percentage of farmland in each EU country is allocated to organic production. [49983]

The figures requested are given in the following table. In 2002 Austria had the highest proportion with 8.7 per cent. of farmland being dedicated to organic farming, Ireland and Greece were lowest with only 0.7 per cent. being dedicated organic land. As a whole, 3.8 per cent. of utilised agricultural area in EU-15 countries was dedicated to organic farming in 2002, up from 1.8 per cent. in 1998. Currently, 2002 are the most up to date figures available with these only being available for EU-15 countries.

Percentage of farmland allocated to organic production 2002

Source:

Eurostat

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what estimates she has made of the value of pedigree (a) Hereford, (b) Charolais and (c) Dexter cattle aged (i) under six months, (ii) over three years, (iii) over five years, (iv) over 10 years and (v) over 12 years. [49095]

No such estimates have been made. However, to inform the development of the cattle compensation arrangements introduced on 1 February the Department has, for 14 months, been receiving cattle sales data from a wide range of sources across GB.

Compensation for pedigree cattle, which is calculated on a monthly basis, is the average price obtained (for same category animals) at reported sales over the preceding 6 months. To inform this process data received through 2005 has been analysed to identify the degree of variability within each of the 47 cattle categories now used to help determine compensation. This review, which will be repeated on annual basis, provides the Department with intelligence on the amount of supporting data needed (in each category) to support table valuations.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

(1) when she will publish (a) the outcome of the consultation on measures to increase the number and size of bass available to commercial and recreational fishermen and (b) the Government's response to the consultation; and if she will make a statement; [51445]

(2) what assessment she has made of the likely impact of the requirement to increase the minimum size of bass landed off England and Wales. [51444]

Defra's Consultation on measures to increase the number and size of bass available to commercial and recreational fishermen closed on 8 February 2006. The partial Regulatory Impact Assessment issued as part of the Consultation set out our understanding of the costs and benefits of the proposed measures.

There have been a large number of responses from stakeholders to the consultation and there will now need to be a careful analysis of the responses and the information contained in them. Once this has been completed I will make an announcement on next steps.

The Welsh Assembly Government is conducting a consultation on similar measures for Welsh Territorial waters, which closes on 14 February 2006.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what powers local authorities have to act in respect of nuisance smells from sewage treatment plants. [51455]

Odour from the great majority of sewage treatment works can be dealt with under the statutory nuisance provisions of the Environmental Protection Act 1990.

Local authorities have a statutory duty to check their areas periodically for existing and potential statutory nuisances, and to take reasonably practicable steps to investigate complaints made within their areas.

It is for the appropriate local authority to determine whether a smell amounts to a statutory nuisance. Factors to be taken into account include the character of the locality, the duration of the smell and the frequency of its occurrence.

Once satisfied that a statutory nuisance does or may occur, the local authority must serve an abatement notice requiring that the nuisance be ceased or abated within a specified time scale.

It is an offence to breach or fail to comply with an abatement notice, with a maximum fine on conviction of £20,000 for industrial, trade or business premises.

Defra is about to issue a Code of Practice on Odour Nuisance from Sewage Treatment Works to provide high level guidance on the handling and resolution of complaints.

A few sewage treatment works are controlled under the Integrated Pollution and Control regime monitored by the Environment Agency. Local authorities cannot take action against these plants to abate odour under the statutory nuisance regime unless my right hon. Friend, the Secretary of State, gives consent, to avoid 'double jeopardy'.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what the minimum amount of single farm payment is. [50672]

The minimum total area that can be claimed by a farmer under the single payment scheme is O.3ha. If this area was situated in the moorland region the minimum payment for 2005, based on current estimations of the regional average, would be less than one pound.

This calculation assumes that the applicant had no subsidy claims in the reference period of 2000–02, and therefore would only receive the area flat rate.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs how much sugar was imported into the UK in (a) 1977, (b) 1997 and (c) 2005. [50108]

In 1977 the UK imported 1,870,000 tonnes of sugar, by 1997 this had dropped to 1,358,000 tonnes and this dropped further in 2003 to 1,218,000 tonnes. These figures include imports of white, beet and cane sugar whether refined or not. They do not include high sugar content products such as honey, syrups and confectionery. All figures quoted are to the nearest thousand tonnes.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what legal advice her Department received regarding the exclusion of social criteria in legislation relating to illegal timber imports and exports. [50839]

I am not aware of any legislation related to the import and export of timber that specifically prohibits social considerations from being considered in such commercial activity. This question is closely related to a request made by WWF UK to see the legal advice on which the Government's timber procurement policy was based and I shall explain why that request was declined.

The European Treaty and European public procurement directives set principles and rules that govern the manner in which public contracting authorities specify their requirement, select potential bidders and award contracts. The UK Government's interpretation of these principles and rules has led it to conclude that it is not permissible for public sector contracting authorities to specify requirements that are not directly related to the subject matter of the contract in question and that criteria aimed at protecting or improving the economic and social well being of forest dependent people are generally not directly related to the subject matter of public sector contracts for works, goods and services.

The advice that the Department received on this matter was a combination of guidance published by the European Commission, guidance published by the Office of Government Commerce and communications between Government officials. The published guidance documents were: the Commission's Interpretative Communication on the possibilities of integrating social issues into public procurement under Community law-see http://simap.eu.int/EN/pub/src/welcome.htm and Chapter 9 of the Joint Note on Environmental Issues in Purchasing"-published by The Office of Government Commerce and Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs in October 2003. The Office of Government Commerce have very recently published a Note on Social Issues in Purchasing to further clarify the position-see http://www.ogc.gov.uk/index.asp?docid=1004561

The Government will not provide the information requested because we consider the public interest is best served by not disclosing the internal legal advice held by DEFRA. Decisions by Government must be taken in a fully informed legal context, which includes assessing the perceived weakness of its position. It follows that the disclosure of internal communications between Government officials could prejudice the government's ability to defend its legal interests-both directly by unfairly exposing its legal position to challenge and indirectly by diminishing the reliance it can place on the advice having been fully considered and presented without fear or favour.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs how many times action has been taken to stop illegal timber imports into the UK in the last 12 months; and what plans she has to improve her Department's performance in this area. [50852]

The UK is the world's fourth largest importer of wood products. However, it is not possible for action to be taken specifically to stop illegal timber imports into the UK in the last 12 months, as timber is not currently identified as legal or illegal at ports of entry. UK Customs have made seizures of wood and wood products under separate CITES legislation but legality of their sourcing is not material.

Once the recently adopted EU Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade (FLEGT) Regulation comes into force it will enable member states to prohibit the entry into the EU of illegal timber products from countries that enter into Partnership Agreements with the European Union.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what steps the Government are taking to extend the requirement to consult the Central Point of Expertise on Timber to more public bodies. [51059]

The Government have not set a requirement for any public body to consult the Central Point of Expertise on Timber (CPET). Central Government departments are required to seek to purchase legal and sustainable timber and are aware that CPET has a help line facility should they experience difficulty in obtaining such timber but they are free to choose not to seek help from CPET.

CPET is a free service that is available to all public sector bodies and their suppliers should they have need of it. The Government are raising awareness of the CPET facility at conferences and training workshops and through press articles and direct mailing. A number of public bodies outside of central Government have sought advice from CPET and we expect the numbers of enquiries to increase as word spreads.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs if the Government will set a target for all Departments and other Government bodies to purchase only sustainable timber within five years. [51060]

The Environmental Audit Committee's Second Report of Session 2004–2005 on Sustainable Timber, paragraph number 91, concluded that it is

vital for DEFRA to set a clear timetable for implementing a requirement for all departments and other government bodies, local and national, to purchase only sustainable timber. In our view five years would be a realistic deadline."

I consider that it would be inappropriate for me to answer your question, which addresses exactly the same point made by the Committee, before the Government have formally responded to the Committee's Report.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what discussions the Government have had with the Austrian Government on taking forward Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade; and if she will make a statement. [51065]

As part of the EU Presidency Troika we continue to be supportive of efforts to take forward the development of the Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade (FLEGT) Action Plan and have been in regular contact with Austria.

Work is now focused on implementing the FLEGT regulation and exploring additional options. Following a stakeholder consultation on additional options held in Brussels in January, the European Commission is now considering all the options raised. We expect the delayed report on this to be published by early summer 2006.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs when she expects EU Ministers to discuss Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade and the EU Commission's report on relevant legislative options. [51066]

The next opportunity for EU Ministers to discuss Forest Law Enforcement Governance & Trade will be once the European Commission tables the Additional Options report later this year.

Following the adoption of the FLEGT Action Plan by Council Conclusions in October 2003, (which committed the EU to exploring options to tackle the trade in illegally logged timber additional to the proposed FLEGT regulation), the UK Government has been frustrated at the time it has taken the Commission to produce this additional report.

Officials attended a European stakeholder consultation meeting in Brussels on 31 January 2006. This was held by the European Commission and the UK's Chatham House (the Royal Institute of International Affairs). The European Commission will consider all the options and issues raised at the stakeholder consultation meeting and produce the delayed report on additional options by early summer 2006.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs which Ministers represented the United Kingdom at the United Nations Environment Programme's (UNEP) ninth special session of its governing council on 7th to 9th February in Dubai; what papers were circulated (a) by the United Kingdom delegation and (b) relevant to United Kingdom policies; and if she will place copies in the Library. [50232]

I led the UK delegation at the 9.SS of the UNEP GC/GMEF. He also attended the International Conference on Chemicals Management (3–6 February, Dubai). The Secretary of State attended the GMEF as a key note speaker on Energy and the Environment.

The UK did not circulate any documents at the meeting.

Working documents for the session, all of which are relevant to UK policy, can be found at:

http://www.unep.org/GC/GCSS-IX/workingdocs.asp

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what representation the United Kingdom had at the United Nations Environment Programme's Seventh Global Civil Society (GCE) forum in Dubai on 5–6 February; what decisions were taken which affected United Kingdom policies; and if she will place in the Library a copy of the GCE statement. [50233]

The United Kingdom was represented at official level at the 7th GCE. No decisions were taken. The GCE statement will be placed in the Library.

To ask the Secretary of State for International Development what discussions his Department has had with non-governmental organisations, charities and civil society organisations on formulating policy on aid distribution. [51360]

DFID officials and Ministers frequently have both formal and informal discussions with civil society organisations both in the UK and overseas on a wide variety of policy issues, including aid distribution. For example in the last year, NGOs have had input to the Commission for Africa report, the formulation of a new humanitarian policy and currently the preparation of DFID's new White Paper.

To ask the Secretary of State for International Development how many staff in his Department are paid on a performance-related basis. [50491]

Within DFID, pay and performance management for staff in the Senior Civil Service (SCS) is fully compliant with the framework set by the Cabinet Office.

All staff in grades below the SCS require a satisfactory performance rating to progress through the pay scales.

To ask the Secretary of State for International Development what funding is being made available by (a) the UK Government and (b) the EU to the new Government in the South of Sudan. [51848]

The UK Government are committed to a contribution of £23.5 million over three years to the World Bank Multi Donor Trust Fund for the South (conditional on fund effectiveness). We have established a Basic Services Fund for the sponsorship of non-governmental organisations working in South Sudan on the delivery of basic health, education and water and sanitation. We are also assisting the Government of South Sudan with the setting up of basic institutional structures; the establishment of a functioning police force, and the development of basic legal systems. In addition, the UK Government are also providing early and significant contributions to the UN 2006 Work Plan for all of Sudan, from which the UN Humanitarian Coordinator has allocated some US$40 million for the South.

The European Commission Country Strategy for Sudan (2005–07) allocates a total of €108 million, with the central focus on Food Security and Education. Other areas of focus include assistance with demobilisation, disarmament and reintegration of soldiers; human rights; good governance, rule of law, direct support to the peace process and peace building initiatives, and the strengthening of civil society and health. The Strategy is national in scope and does not allocate specific activities or funds for South Sudan.

To ask the Secretary of State for International Development what financial help his Department plans to make available to the representative assembly to be created in Juba, South Sudan; and what financial help his Department has provided to (a) the Sudanese People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) and (b) non-SPLM parties. [51849]

The UK Government are focusing directly on assisting the Government of South Sudan with the formation of basic institutional structures. We are also a significant contributor to the World Bank Multi Donor Trust Fund for the South (£23.5 million over three years) which includes government capacity building as one of its key objectives. We do not, for the time being, have plans to directly support the representative assembly to be created in Juba, South Sudan. The UK Government provide assistance to the Government of South Sudan as a single entity and does not differentiate between different political parties.

To ask the Secretary of State for International Development what funds the UK has contributed to the UN Fund for Women in each year since 1997. [51408]

The Department for International Development is the largest donor to the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM). Total DFID funding to UNIFEM since 1997 is as follows:

Note:

Overall figures are not yet available for 2005–06. From 2003–04 onwards, the above figures include £3 million per annum in support of UNIFEM's core budget.

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport how much has been spent on enquiries and consultation exercises relating to improvements on the A27 around Worthing in each of the last 12 years. [51674]

A number of studies relating to transport in the South East have included consideration of improvements to the A27 around Worthing but the costs cannot be disaggregated in the way requested.

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport what the purpose has been of each of the enquiries and consultation exercises relating to improvements on the A27 around Worthing in each of the last 12 years. [51675]

Various enquiries and consultations have addressed transport needs in the South East as well as seeking solutions to traffic congestion both on the A27 and more generally in the town of Worthing. They have included assessment of the contribution which local transport measures can make to the reduction of congestion, as well as road improvements.

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport how many commercial flights have overflown Hornsey and Wood Green constituency in each of the past five years; and if he will make a statement. [51923]

This information is not held by my Department. If the hon. Member writes to the Chief Executive of National Air Traffic Services Ltd., they will provide the information requested.

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport what assessment he has made of the use of bio-optical spectacles to facilitate driving for people with imperfect eyesight; and if he will make a statement. [51651]

The minimum standards of medical fitness to drive are laid down in the second EC directive on driving licences (Directive 91/439/EEC).

The use of bioptic devices has been considered by a Medical Expert Working Group established by the EC Driving Licence Committee to consider conditions affecting vision and their impact on driving. The Working Group acknowledged that bioptic devices might help individual drivers but recognised that, to do so, visual acuity standards would have to be lowered and that this might be at the expense of an adequate field of vision. The general opinion of the Working Group expert members is that on European roads, lowering the acuity standard in this way would be difficult to justify. Further research evidence and technological development of the bioptic devices will be needed.

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport what discussions his Department has had with Greater Manchester bus, rail and tram operators and the Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive on the introduction of smartcard technology for pre-travel payment on public transport in the county. [51142]

There was correspondence in December 2003 between the Department and Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Authority about the planned introduction of smartcards in Greater Manchester. This correspondence related to the ITSO specification for an interoperable ticketing interface for smartcards in travel.

Officials have had informal discussions with Greater Manchester PTE on a number of occasions about the proposed Readycard smartcard scheme, also in the context of the ITSO standard. Officials also attended a GMPTE ITSO workshop last year.

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport what his plans are for the future funding of light rail and tram schemes; and if he will make a statement. [52487]

I refer the hon. Member to my answer of 9 November 2005, Official Report, column 511W.

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport what progress has been made in (a) ascertaining responsibility for and (b) rectifying the flooding problem on the M60 between Denton and Hollinwood, Oldham; and whether enforcement action will be taken to ensure its rectification without the requirement for further public funding. [51742]

There is no requirement to ascertain responsibility nor seek enforcement against third parties as the need for modification of the carriageway surface to alleviate spray (flooding) arose from reasons other than negligent performance by the scheme contractors.

An initial works pilot to re-profile a section of the affected carriageway to improve surface drainage has now been planned for spring 2006, with the remainder of the work likely to be undertaken in 2007.

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport whether notice is required to be given of the siting of a mobile speed camera. [52079]

Safety Camera Partnerships within the National Safety Camera Programme are asked to inform the public about the location of camera sites and the type of camera used. The partnerships are not required to give notice of when enforcement will take place at a camera site but all sites must be signed and visible in accordance with the Handbook of Rules and Guidance for the National Safety Camera Programme for England and Wales.

The police may also enforce speed limits using mobile enforcement equipment at any location without giving prior notification.

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport

(1) what arrangements have been made for the Government to guarantee Network Rail's debt; [40912]

(2) what ceiling the Government has placed on its guarantees of Network Rail's debts. [40922]

I refer the hon. Member to the statements made by the Secretary of State and parliamentary minutes laid on 27 June 2002, Official Report, columns 971–989. 4 February 2004 and 15 September 2004 Official Report, column 152WS.

The credit support arrangements described in these minutes were initially provided by the Strategic Rail Authority, but were transferred to the Secretary of State for Transport on 26 June 2005 by a transfer scheme made under powers in the Railways Act 2005.

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport when he will publish the results of the Government's night flights consultation. [51298]

I refer the hon. Member to my answer of 17 January 2006, given to the hon. Member for Windsor (Adam Afriyie), Official Report, column 1190W.

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport what discussions his Department has had with (a) metropolitan local authorities and (b) passenger transport executives on the introduction of red route measures to principal transport corridors in cities and conurbations. [51744]

The only PTE to develop and implement proposals for red routes is Centro, in the West Midlands. Centro are currently implementing a package of measures in Birmingham, Solihull, Wolverhampton and Sandwell as part of a major scheme bid that was given full approval in 2004 by the Department at a cost of £28 million. This scheme is the first of five packages proposed to introduce a total of 130 km of red routes, bus relocations, side road entry treatments, new signs and junction improvements.

The traffic signs required to implement a red route scheme are not prescribed and as such need special authorisation by the Secretary of State. It is not unusual for local authorities contemplating the use of non prescribed signs to contact the Department, but we do not keep records of informal inquiries.

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport how many speed cameras have been vandalised in each police authority in each of the last five years. [51876]

The Department does not hold this information nor are partnerships required to provide information about vandalism at speed camera sites to the Department. This information may be available directly from partnerships.

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport if he will list the acts of vandalism which have been perpetrated (a) inside and (b) on the outside of his Department's buildings in the last 12 months. [49497]

There were five recorded acts of vandalism perpetrated inside the Department for Transport during the calendar year 2005. There were three at the Driving Standards Agency regional premises and two at the Driving Vehicle Licensing Agency premises. These incidents included damage to internal doors, cabinets, the discharging of a fire extinguisher, damage to a vending machine and an interview room counter screen.

There were 55 acts of vandalism perpetrated outside the Department for Transport (at regional agency premises) during the calendar year 2005. These incidents included damaged windows, damage occurring during break-ins, and a few instances of minor arson and damage to vehicles and heating vents.

In addition there have been other minor acts of vandalism known to have occurred outside of agency regional premises for which full details are not available.

To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Skills what assessment she has made of the impact of academies upon the academic performance of children from the lowest socio-economic background. [47760]

Academies are established in some of the most deprived and disadvantaged communities in our country, and admit a high proportion of children from the most disadvantaged socio-economic background. The majority of academies have a significantly higher proportion of children with eligibility for free school meals (FSM) relative to both local authority and national averages. Indeed the average FSM eligibility at academies is 34 per cent., compared to a national average of 14 per cent.

PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) are undertaking a full independent evaluation of the academies programme over five years and a comprehensive assessment of the impact of academies upon academic performance will form a vital part of this evaluation.

Improvements in GCSE results are already in evidence, despite many pupils only having attended their academy for a few terms. Of the 14 academies open at the time of the last round of GCSE examinations, all but two showed an increase in the proportion of students achieving five grades A* to C relative to their predecessor schools, and the average increase between 2004 and 2005 in the number of students gaining five grades A* to C across all academies was 7.8 percentage points; some three times the national average.

Several academies have shown remarkable improvements in their GCSE results since opening. The City Academy in Bristol, for example, has shown an increase of 25 percentage points in the number of pupils achieving five grades A* to C in just two years. Four other academies have shown increases of greater than 20 percentage points since opening.

To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Skills what steps she has taken to encourage young people in Swindon to get involved in (a) after-school activities and (b) sports programmes. [50613]

We have set out a core offer of extended services and activities that we want all children to be able to access through schools by 2010. This includes a varied menu of study support activities, including sport—at least two hours a week beyond the school day for those who want it. It is for individual local authorities (LAs) and schools to determine what provision best meets the needs of the young people in their area.

Funding for study support is available to all schools and LAs through their base budgets, and also via the School Development Grant which, for Swindon, amounts to £1,366,981 in 2005–06. Funding (approximately £100,000 pa) is also provided for the well established Playing for Success" Centre at Swindon Town FC, which benefits more than 350 pupils each year.

We have also committed considerable additional funding to support schools in setting up and embedding extended services and activities. A total of £2,050,321 has been allocated to Swindon over three years from 2005–06.

To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Skills what the (a) budget for and (b) expenditure on the building of the new Bicton Church of England School in Bicton was. [50089]

The information requested for Bicton Church of England School for the 2004–05 financial year is:

(a) Total planned budget share (including any grants devolved to the school) was £255,875.

(b) Total gross expenditure (including any capital expenditure from revenue) was £271,647.

Notes

1. Data are drawn from Shropshire local authority's 2004–05 Section 52 Budget and Outturn Statements as at 8 February 2006.

2. The 2004–05 budget information is the combination of the school's total budget share plus any School Standards Grant, Devolved Standards Fund and Excellence in Cities Grant allocated to the school (Threshold and Performance Pay Grant is included in 2005–06).

3. School expenditure does not include any income.

4. In 2004–05 the total resources available to Bicton Church of England School was £296,262. This is the sum of the following:

Balance brought forward

Delegated funds

SEN and minority ethnic pupils

Standards fund residue

Other Government grants

Income generated by schools

5. Shropshire local authority also reported a surplus total revenue balance of just under £25,000 was held by Bicton Church of England School at the end of the 2004–05 financial year.

To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Skills what training teachers receive to deal with bullying in schools; and how much funding her Department has allocated for training teachers to deal with bullying in schools in (a) West Lancashire and (b) England in the last five years. [51116]

Training has been provided in each Government Office region through the Make The Difference conferences and through training events run by the Anti-Bullying Alliance and direct work by the Alliance with individual schools. Training is also being provided through dissemination events linked to forthcoming advice on countering prejudice driven bullying.

Through the national strategies the Department makes high-quality staff training materials on managing behaviour, including bullying, available to all schools. In addition each local authority is also supported by at least one expert behaviour and attendance consultant in each local authority.

Through the National Programme for Specialist Leaders of Behaviour and Attendance (NPSL-BA), the Department has developed a programme for training specialist staff who have leadership roles in relation to behaviour and attendance, including anti-bullying.

In addition our resources such as the Anti-Bullying Charter and 'Don't Suffer in Silence' offer further support and advice to teachers in this area.

As anti-bullying training funding is not disaggregated or devolved directly, it is not possible to identify national funds or funds for West Lancashire.

To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Skills how many child care places (a) for under fives and (b) in total there were in each year since 1980, broken down by type. [50798]

This information was not collected for the period prior to 1989–90.

Details of the number of child care places available in England for each year between 1990 and 2005 are given in the table.

(a) Figures from Day Care Facilities Surveys (DCFS), 1990–97

(b) Using data from

i. 1997–2003: Ofsted registered" equivalent statistics generated by DfES from local authority returns; and,

ii. 2003-present: Ofsted registrations

We do not have a breakdown of age groups for childminder, out of school or sessional places. The overwhelming majority of Full Daycare places are for children under the age of 5.

To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Skills

(1) what assessment she has made of the recommendations of the Better Regulation Task Force on employment law relating to children; and if she will make a statement; [51662]

(2) what plans she has to implement the recommendations of the Better Regulation Task Force on employment law relating to children; [51663]

(3) what discussions she has held with the Department for Trade and Industry on (a) regulations for the time at which children can start work in the morning and (b) the impact of earlier school day starts; [51664]

(4) if she will seek to amend legislation to enable children to start work at 6.30 a.m. in response to the earlier start of the school day in some areas. [51670]

holding answer 14 February 2006

The Government believe that suitable work opportunities, based on individual choice, can be beneficial for young people. Nevertheless, children's entitlement to education is paramount. The existing limits on children's working hours are framed to ensure that neither their readiness to learn when they arrive at school, nor their capacity to do school homework, nor their opportunity for necessary rest and leisure, is compromised by the demands of employment. There are no plans to change this, and no discussions with DTI on the issue have been held.

Guidance has been given to local authorities that Directors of Children's Services should have functions relating to child employment as part of their remit, as recommended by the Task Force. No final decisions have been taken on whether and how the Task Force's other specific proposals will be implemented. They will only be implemented to the extent that they can demonstrate a clear contribution to the key outcomes which we want to see for all children, described in our Green Paper Every Child Matters".

To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Skills what the average class size is in (a) primary schools and (b) secondary schools in (i) England, (ii) the Tees Valley and (iii) Middlesbrough South and East Cleveland. [49436]

The requested information is given in the following table.

Maintained primary and secondary schools: average class size—as at January 2005.^(3)(4)(5)

⁽³⁾ Includes middle schools as deemed.

⁽⁴⁾ One teacher classes.

⁽⁵⁾ Classes as taught during one selected period on the day of the census in January.

⁽⁶⁾ Includes Hartlepool, Middlesbrough, Redcar and Cleveland, Stockton-on-Tees and Darlington local authorities.

Note:

Numbers have been rounded to the nearest 10.