The text on this page has been created from Hansard archive content, it may contain typographical errors.
Select a date
Go to today
Skip calendar selector
Legend for calendar days
Indicator for Days with content
Indicator for the Selected day
Indicator for a Weekend
Downloads
Download content and documents relevant to the day's proceedings.
Commons Hansard for 23 August 1945 (Volume 413)
From the digitised editions of archive material. Last updated
12 May 2018 at 7.16am.
Commons Chamber
Record of debates that happened in the House of Commons main chamber.
House Of Commons
(item number 1)
(id a865061f-f0dc-413a-b477-387d56507d0e)
Prayers
(item number 2)
(id 4ac417b0-db1a-46bf-9b17-1d7bb53594ba)
Shop Queues (Petition)
(item number 3)
(id 614b3c83-ac80-4330-aee1-1886c4404f91)
Oral Answers To Questions
View all Oral Answers To Questions
Demobilisation
Rate Of Release
(item number 1)
(id 6ffbd6f2-da41-4520-b66d-fafcbe606f41)
Students
(item number 1)
(id 348b3225-8b86-4e20-87d5-2d5c1fbb8cf2)
Naval Personnel
(item number 1)
(id d65c00f8-8b26-4dfe-ba4c-112af3d7382e)
Small Businesses
(item number 1)
(id b711cc81-5372-4eeb-804c-07c01deaa88f)
Architects
(item number 1)
(id 9182d709-b508-4a99-8282-4ecdc676917f)
Police War Reserve And Nfs Service
(item number 1)
(id 61d2df65-7615-425f-9633-66a11b661126)
Transferred Workers
(item number 1)
(id eaaf9228-8b9f-4cbd-9c38-d94a08bab667)
Domestic And Business Reasons
(item number 1)
(id 4262b3e0-91f9-49a5-ad09-4528ad76a891)
War Factories (Redundant Workers)
(item number 1)
(id 69a28b10-d3a5-4713-bab9-0189ce68c458)
Unemployment Statistics
(item number 1)
(id 2cfd3850-da93-44cc-8df8-ddb055755334)
Reinstatement In Civil Employment
(item number 1)
(id f5f03b40-98b0-41ce-af51-d100cf22ef15)
Laundry Workers (Shortage)
(item number 1)
(id 175d267c-9d19-4128-914b-504e19302639)
Control Of Engagement Order
(item number 1)
(id 39d40ddc-364e-43fa-825e-825f2fb5ab73)
Clearance Work, Birmingham
(item number 1)
(id 5c1a5780-3c33-4245-bfbc-46cd38ae83d8)
Returned Civilian Internees (Re-Settlement)
(item number 1)
(id 5c7d8682-48c3-4ce8-bbf3-02b1dbc2dab4)
India
Eastern Group Supply Council
(item number 1)
(id 992c0f9c-4045-4198-82f2-1178cccb408b)
Prisons (Punishments)
(item number 1)
(id 478bce12-3681-4817-97cb-d93c1de41bf4)
Requisitioned Property
(item number 1)
(id 0579d45f-7bee-40e2-8e9a-d7442600cb40)
Officers (War Gratuities)
(item number 1)
(id 04996c70-9c58-4c61-8d72-a145c307307b)
Newspaper "National Herald" (Prohibition)
(item number 1)
(id d27e8b4e-ed9d-4bc1-88a4-bb24e0079de4)
Political Prisoners
(item number 1)
(id a6fc7e61-25eb-4a00-9923-30ce6edd012d)
Political Situation
(item number 1)
(id 31580f64-6f2b-413d-91a1-1a76a5c73685)
Provincial Legislatures (Elections)
(item number 1)
(id 5b6e1a0a-1539-43c1-a7e2-2ff9495bc53b)
Burma (Civil Government)
(item number 1)
(id 01891dee-91e3-46a8-9417-91f6d72349cc)
Aliens (Naturalisation)
(item number 1)
(id 79070347-c602-47c9-b7c2-2e924c8a78cb)
Electoral Register
Postal Ballot
(item number 1)
(id 46a5c219-1a50-4376-8c0b-76583480c633)
Local Government Elections
(item number 1)
(id d0079185-2aa1-4e04-8730-f5d4532d99d2)
Proxy Votes (Ballot Paper)
(item number 1)
(id 50bad8ec-a9ad-482d-8901-b89403c83474)
Machinery
(item number 1)
(id 20445472-1125-466b-b22a-67ec0a0e9898)
Voting (Invalids)
(item number 1)
(id 50bde56b-d12f-47ee-a9c3-460102186b6f)
Fire Services (Control)
(item number 1)
(id bf3c649a-1107-4223-b6c4-2525ea1a14d4)
Summer Time
(item number 1)
(id ab7100e7-5696-4ed5-96a1-a156cc4f3067)
Atomic Energy (Research)
(item number 1)
(id 0cfddcf4-76e8-4f5d-a63b-3f71e7dd9b90)
War Decorations And Medals
(item number 1)
(id 759a5a5f-f5ee-4193-bcc5-81bbba4ec118)
Agriculture
Workers (Dismissal)
(item number 1)
(id ed6fa813-81e8-45b5-a0a0-c2de52ea081b)
Harvest Workers (Rations)
(item number 1)
(id cc5a4770-caf7-458d-abcb-84131b2e60c5)
Government Policy
(item number 1)
(id abd39a50-9f52-4bbe-95e0-713d8548b0ef)
Sugar Beet
(item number 1)
(id 75fa540c-77a6-4fdf-8c88-27251e8d42d7)
Veterinary Service
(item number 1)
(id 24e6dd61-06a1-466e-9f87-c882f9e40115)
Women's Land Army
(item number 1)
(id af6f0df5-4a90-4e0e-80e8-c2497d3696fa)
Dwelling Houses (Illegal Entry)
(item number 1)
(id cf186751-2552-42ab-b0fa-1433de7ee961)
Private Hire Vehicles (Fares)
(item number 1)
(id e55c761e-09b3-483b-8d7b-b575eef0dcd7)
Exit Permits
(item number 1)
(id 85c530e0-334b-421d-a85c-77f7ba5b6b48)
Royal Air Force (Overseas Service)
(item number 1)
(id 4a4ef3b1-156a-408a-828a-82010bc4cac2)
Hong Kong (British Administration)
(item number 1)
(id f4ae8e83-c65f-4992-827e-2b85d5cae989)
Prisoners Of War And Civilian Internees, Far East
(item number 5)
(id 41a5b169-b5fb-45ff-97b4-f3bcc77b0c67)
Man-Power (Re-Allocation)
(item number 6)
(id 1964a3dd-7806-4871-9d6b-7ad6e5d26e6c)
Businesss Of The House
(item number 7)
(id c6148317-9ec8-4848-8059-4f5288c4a26d)
Elections
(item number 8)
(id ea276f51-25d2-4f54-9fc4-41c87b689908)
Selection (Provisional Orders) (Scotland) (Panel)
(item number 9)
(id b8617296-f59a-47aa-bc36-a1a8c41d9c9b)
Selection (Committee On Unopposed Bills) (Panel)
(item number 10)
(id a2a67c08-7be2-4cef-97dc-7fdb2f4dff60)
Selection (Standing Orders Committee) (Panel)
(item number 11)
(id 13716654-3e5a-4b8d-8fde-6be8b974df02)
Selection (Standing Committees)
(item number 12)
(id bbf62dd7-a0ee-44a2-bd8d-8adc8904c48c)
Message From The Lords
(item number 13)
(id a676479e-f942-4226-8833-4fcac9011a1b)
Bills Presented
View all Bills Presented
Indian Divorce Bill
(item number 1)
(id cd4e4fff-6e2b-430f-a24c-5fb4ee5db49d)
National Insurance (Industrial Injuries) Bill
(item number 1)
(id 1043b73f-b851-4f2b-b526-99a1fa112132)
Inshore Fishing Industry Bill
(item number 1)
(id 005899b7-3a7a-4fa4-a2bc-c210cf2e41b6)
Agriculture (Artificial Insemination) Bill
(item number 1)
(id 24a78287-59e2-43b8-9842-c74d167b0aad)
British Settlements Bill
(item number 1)
(id 325fdf3a-3296-44cb-9115-1fa6b1f8de7e)
Adjournment (Summer)
(item number 1)
(id 98d5f1b0-0485-4583-8aa1-d55734144338)
Orders Of The Day
View all Orders Of The Day
United Nations Charter
(item number 1)
(id 4bad29c4-1883-49ca-96a4-656d189bf1c0)
India (Failure Of Constitutional Machinery)
(item number 1)
(id 2cf61763-de0e-4a05-8cd3-ce037af2b271)
House Of Commons Members' Fund Act, 1939
(item number 1)
(id 0d7bc705-cbf4-4b03-a1f2-57580aa62c3e)
Statutory Rules And Orders, Etc
(item number 1)
(id c168c4d2-afbb-4154-a5ba-a9a40b644846)
Adjournment
(item number 1)
(id 631886c0-6534-4d7d-8d53-ace6795b3791)
Written Answers
Content for Written Answers.
Written Answers To Questions
(item number 1)
(id 27398b52-1c9b-4fc3-8d4b-eda49f0d56a3)
Royal Navy
Rations
(item number 1)
(id 112470b5-4496-43bb-a4f6-49ad7e31d888)
War Gratuities And Clothing Coupons
(item number 1)
(id 25f27d44-8560-4ce6-9b4a-04875501af9c)
Barracks, Chatham (Overcrowding)
(item number 1)
(id 0d1c7e20-b825-4940-a529-9a1a2dd21b05)
Correspondence (Censorship)
(item number 1)
(id b9704a19-732c-4b0b-9f91-ee3eba9180bc)
Cigarettes
(item number 1)
(id 4260cb87-de96-479c-9a7b-b267bd82ae58)
Trade And Commerce
Cotton Exports
(item number 1)
(id a1849eef-cef2-48d0-97be-eb88da3e8c2f)
Pipes
(item number 1)
(id 07926deb-7cab-4c99-9bb5-2497a4b30e7e)
Nylon Stockings
(item number 1)
(id f57dcda5-b403-49f6-9774-75f8274aaf2b)
Private Chattels Insurance
(item number 1)
(id bed651d9-904e-4eb8-8f22-bc5d86fabbc5)
Austria (Reparations)
(item number 1)
(id eaf79c1b-ae00-4168-a003-574ae3f6e45d)
European Displaced Persons
(item number 1)
(id 1a038a04-474f-422a-81c0-661d2691e781)
Repatriation To Usa
(item number 1)
(id 21861b7d-ff8f-47b8-87b9-2df2ad077a2f)
German Coalmines
(item number 1)
(id 63b9bf2e-2c26-4055-af02-538707a8da33)
Manchester And Salford Co-Operative Society
(item number 1)
(id e95f85cf-bfb9-4359-aad9-932a4655441e)
National Insurance
Supplementary Pensions
(item number 1)
(id eafd1ce6-7c58-4fd3-801f-948ef621d070)
Silicosis Medical Board, Sheffield
(item number 1)
(id 6818d252-d2af-44bd-bfe1-2dc583f79343)
Old Age Pensions
(item number 1)
(id 45a641ca-266b-4c96-8eee-65dc19e7625b)
National Fire Service
(item number 1)
(id a614da48-d243-483e-a8da-d729408af532)
Jury Service (Payment)
(item number 1)
(id 209e2ea9-3764-4d8f-8b5c-2469ea0dae9e)
Agriculture
Intensive Cultivation (Northern Ireland)
(item number 1)
(id 5785ab65-798b-4c44-a887-bb8edf45ffbd)
War Executive Committees
(item number 1)
(id ecd91414-b3ac-4dd5-ae58-61209921f637)
Documents (Witnessed Signatures)
(item number 1)
(id e72c92b9-7269-4a6e-bd07-97e495233ff0)
Defence Medal (Ribbon)
(item number 1)
(id c2472cad-4058-41b8-9e35-217e0d6533de)
Electoral Register
(item number 1)
(id ecdb17ee-7956-4520-ab12-998db2eb7531)
Demobilisation
Building Operatives
(item number 1)
(id 4d86ca91-cb65-4a93-8e04-78cf6faebb69)
Class W/T Reserve
(item number 1)
(id 7425d918-a2a2-427e-b52a-f793962cb08f)
Teachers
(item number 1)
(id fd5985c0-9e08-42db-b65c-d864cceab30f)
Draughtsmen And Surveyors
(item number 1)
(id a1e0fa47-e3d2-4033-8ee5-bbdb875957e7)
Distributive Trades Workers
(item number 1)
(id 32d051eb-ec27-4dd4-a879-0e0af2b56524)
University Students
(item number 1)
(id d0032f76-2702-4334-8113-634adf0b9ce7)
Civil Defence Services
(item number 1)
(id 22e5e85b-3ca8-41ac-ac2e-02804861a5e9)
Class B Occupational Classes
(item number 1)
(id 3a9e0afc-8bad-477e-9f54-e9a4c3f915ea)
Food Supplies
Fish
(item number 1)
(id 83172af3-3734-4c14-9bfa-0b00d5eaab10)
Milk
(item number 1)
(id 1c74fef6-8116-4dc9-a79c-d3919a3a6de1)
Milk Retailers (Customer's Choice)
(item number 1)
(id f3365b8b-adb4-4b54-ad0b-e1f282a64059)
Battersea Power Station
(item number 1)
(id 371c3847-ab65-4d25-b8a3-7b66d4e5598e)
Poles (British Nationality)
(item number 1)
(id 9ce6824e-2450-45e3-8e5b-79431fd700ee)
Pensions And Grants
Claims (Review)
(item number 1)
(id 30a0eccb-f55c-475c-bc44-53f698af1d47)
Inquiry
(item number 1)
(id 515a6ba9-0e3f-4b8a-833b-28a58b3516f6)
Royal Warrants (Terms)
(item number 1)
(id 30de7815-f145-48c1-9f71-0bf96feacf40)
Wheel Chairs
(item number 1)
(id d7e21619-a992-434c-b9ce-f301521305fb)
Artificial Limbs
(item number 1)
(id b20eea6a-b9b9-488d-9a2c-f35d1b9f324d)
Pensions Appeal Tribunals
(item number 1)
(id 18e811ac-426e-420d-8dea-c6cfa311626f)
Building Trades Training Centre, Plymouth
(item number 1)
(id d58c3eb8-d7ab-4ac8-9849-8a298e705885)
Housing
Requisitioning
(item number 1)
(id cc3bb706-faed-4222-905e-47da6c26daab)
Requisitioned House
(item number 1)
(id 294ba3a5-bbb7-45bc-bbf7-2dc80901e0d4)
Local Authorities' Plans
(item number 1)
(id 0bd7c4f4-e856-4dc3-9c7d-c743c4e1808a)
Amenity Services
(item number 1)
(id 8e858808-2666-4af8-b795-b5fbc181ef37)
Building Tender, Stoke-On-Trent
(item number 1)
(id f8019b57-3877-427b-ab22-b219829a5c3f)
Roofing Materials
(item number 1)
(id d2f8a2bb-db6a-4add-87ea-e6cac4f3229b)
House Purchasers (Loans)
(item number 1)
(id fa60095c-dd0a-4f6e-b007-2fddb5d79043)
Prefabricated Houses, Northern Ireland
(item number 1)
(id 1d052da6-1db4-4198-8eed-f2519df513b6)
Acquisition Of Land
(item number 1)
(id d810c4df-1aee-43b6-85ac-9b41e24203e8)
Mining Subsidences
(item number 1)
(id bce84c11-2a64-42a1-a274-87de02690e6d)
Nissen Huts
(item number 1)
(id 78bff946-1a88-494c-b314-325f23490250)
Temporary Houses, Uxbridge
(item number 1)
(id c1755181-c982-4044-b6f7-c816f36c9ffb)
Concrete Houses
(item number 1)
(id 2cd189eb-6173-4691-a3e8-de131bf9d07f)
Rural Workers
(item number 1)
(id 471ab36f-76ef-4b09-861f-b3d8d79be07c)
Rent Control
(item number 1)
(id ea029af4-4b2a-4b33-8682-6552f42fd23a)
Selling Price (Committee's Report)
(item number 1)
(id ab15feb4-b74f-404d-8cd5-be77e7359d7e)
Public Health
National Health Service
(item number 1)
(id ef0f9860-32d3-4628-9c76-756cdc5e180f)
Rural Water Supply Schemes
(item number 1)
(id 717ecca3-64a7-4963-b992-bce9c10ad5f9)
Medical Practitioners (Statistics)
(item number 1)
(id 78f8b76c-2815-4254-be5f-26c423b20076)
Male Nurses
(item number 1)
(id e387f66a-1965-4539-bc58-675b050c2057)
Midwives
(item number 1)
(id af93d603-2890-4be5-860b-0e7c44b79da1)
Dental Surgeons
(item number 1)
(id 6cfc9d92-8369-489d-ba0d-8b305196b9b8)
Day And Residential Nurseries
(item number 1)
(id 174240bb-d1d1-4089-a6b4-c8bb3949d261)
Bicycles (Parking Places)
(item number 1)
(id 1653fca7-db04-4096-92e1-e71698ce13f6)
Water Act, 1945
(item number 1)
(id 842a2fb1-dd10-48f5-a9be-7a731e22e8d0)
National Finance
Entertainments Tax
(item number 1)
(id 62ba4554-c80d-4b18-8f1f-50d058dae7ff)
War Damage Contributions (Final)
(item number 1)
(id 3f367600-a6b9-4d40-847a-e33d141a5727)
Building Materials And Fittings (Purchase Tax)
(item number 1)
(id c1a1033a-edc3-4c97-aaa2-6b7066a3a530)
Bretton Woods Agreement
(item number 1)
(id b696954e-d523-4c9c-a7d8-470a5d189494)
Authors' Royalties (Double Taxation)
(item number 1)
(id 6fdbdfea-6be8-46db-8ac0-4b0f5223a0d7)
Income Tax Act, 1945 (Appointed Day)
(item number 1)
(id 178b049d-5075-45ae-ad5f-21e7286b6ae9)
Finance Bill (Clause 17)
(item number 1)
(id bd9beb5c-ddbe-4625-88ac-85ab259ff775)
Post-War Credits
(item number 1)
(id 6ef06a27-4d1d-4c84-8bea-a1fc80f4774a)
Excess Profits Tax
(item number 1)
(id 696b1643-20b9-4a3a-855f-13ee6143a9fb)
Interest Free Loans (Repayment)
(item number 1)
(id ccaa836a-ae9c-46b6-8eef-b81fbf61524c)
Purchase Tax (Motor Cars)
(item number 1)
(id e7df0fb8-5e58-4450-9bc0-9d08a8a41411)
Money (Purchasing Power)
(item number 1)
(id 8ce9185e-6a23-4c10-a2ab-a35b10dc41bc)
War Gratuities
(item number 1)
(id f30f3879-a866-4e67-97af-2cf86a518087)
Bank Holidays
(item number 1)
(id 76afd6e7-5bc0-4fb2-b8a2-b878b6f0691b)
Investments (Planning)
(item number 1)
(id 29f72be4-3f36-4567-9abb-85f0228bda6f)
German Loans (British Investors)
(item number 1)
(id 719f8c36-4a67-4ad1-b354-650369077564)
Temporary Civil Servants
(item number 1)
(id d973df0e-5f80-48a9-b98f-b12de9bd997d)
Education
Supplementary Teachers (Salaries)
(item number 1)
(id 329c8e06-858a-4f5d-8103-d33bdf0e3f74)
Emergency Training Scheme
(item number 1)
(id 360a81a1-5b0e-4141-88dd-ac03c5717698)
Local Education Authorities (Teachers, Co-Option)
(item number 1)
(id c2f2b08a-8e1d-494a-a241-841a6ece1760)
Beeston And Stapleford(Accommodation)
(item number 1)
(id 510d4499-ab9c-4ad8-97d9-11d0ad372d4c)
Expenditure (Exchequer Grants)
(item number 1)
(id e186b2fc-30d7-43c8-ba45-0da2c581b85b)
Direct Grant Schools
(item number 1)
(id 1b2de913-22c2-4476-bf53-d4225c17f3a4)
Scotland
District Nursing Association (Grants)
(item number 1)
(id d54e1a3b-8273-43a9-aa1b-8d00370a3ea1)
Rural Housing
(item number 1)
(id 8ff0bef5-4d53-4468-8442-b1e07bf64fc3)
Essential Work (Agriculture) Order
(item number 1)
(id 7ffda61b-f2fe-4567-a689-d511de21652f)
Post Office, Strethkinnes, Fife
(item number 1)
(id ffe7a3b5-6020-4e62-a990-c5198e4d38fe)
Atomic Bomb Secrets
(item number 1)
(id 86b33968-5413-466d-ae3b-60805f6f7445)
Domestic Help
(item number 1)
(id a2ab0b28-e648-42df-85ec-3b04cbc1588d)
Industrial Disputes (Penalties)
(item number 1)
(id 4836d978-4b71-454d-a1d4-90b0abad8ae7)
Us Military Stores (Surplus)
(item number 1)
(id 533d685a-f1c2-43cb-bda2-1ea89cacf1bb)
Longford Housing Estate (Rents)
(item number 1)
(id da7f90a0-a4a0-46bc-8ff4-619b2499b8f8)
Railway Control Agreement (Payments)
(item number 1)
(id 1291c450-7e29-4885-af71-a62c5e49e9d8)
Aust-Beachley Ferry
(item number 1)
(id 968acdb4-fde0-4c8d-b5ad-eb9b998a32b6)
Pleasure Steamers (River Severn)
(item number 1)
(id dbd4b987-d270-4daf-9a12-57f9c62b659d)
French Banks (Seized British Deposits)
(item number 1)
(id 71962f2b-5b45-4792-a336-aa0743b1932f)
Air Service, Bristol Channel
(item number 1)
(id 26f26a0a-5145-49d5-adb7-de4aa732e276)
Holiday Home, Southend
(item number 1)
(id 48f68abf-a6c8-49ca-b4ff-bf93651fb747)
Petrol Restrictions
(item number 1)
(id 97a8e0fa-767f-47f3-a951-efac0e85ae9a)
Coal (Statistical Digest)
(item number 1)
(id 3e9e0fd3-d2f3-4e10-9a3b-368e9d81cc5b)
South Africa Territories (Transfer)
(item number 1)
(id 58e19b3e-3b5c-4631-ba2a-b8b3ba39ade1)
Inland Revenue Department (Staffing)
(item number 1)
(id 5f16637c-25cf-4b37-af46-d6d6c86983fc)
Royal Air Force
Atomic Bomb Attacks (Photographs)
(item number 1)
(id 6f9ae5f9-c8b0-4a1b-b101-27e1c73010d3)
Low Flying (Wallasey)
(item number 1)
(id 0ad1fbc9-9580-4f66-a6a1-0e44c45b9b37)
Prisoners Of War (Trials)
(item number 1)
(id 4339a44e-3155-4f6d-92e6-d867eb0326a2)
Railway Sleeping Coaches
(item number 1)
(id 3b6548f7-a486-4091-9ca3-e11867656a25)
British Army
Requisitioned Properties
(item number 1)
(id f1141e5d-bc3d-4d13-9120-6dfbf0260e9f)
Repatriation
(item number 1)
(id 91515691-53f1-4519-9412-93dc05587ce9)
Released Personnel (Clothing Issue)
(item number 1)
(id c2d195d9-0b76-4e69-860e-8a1bbf9cebd6)
Territorial Decoration
(item number 1)
(id c59c5bc7-7821-4b9d-b0cd-b9676d6a6570)
Hospital Patients (Discharge Leave)
(item number 1)
(id e6fee50e-cd64-4766-beda-12b5245117d4)
Prisoners Of War (Income Tax)
(item number 1)
(id f43cfdb9-1f34-4da8-9631-a344e06ee769)
Captain Stanley Longworth Hill
(item number 1)
(id b2b66e2a-4d26-4d7b-9a7e-5b88e58068f0)
Vocational Training
(item number 1)
(id f0b70116-fd75-46eb-9640-0c433cea424e)
Industrial Equipment, Germany (Removal)
(item number 1)
(id cdd28469-8f4b-488e-a383-b3b83ae3c367)
Spanish Republican Prisoners Of War
(item number 1)
(id 19e87965-9b26-4b03-b980-3dcd98843e32)
Stafford Prison (Inquest)
(item number 1)
(id 89e903e8-f3f3-4327-85b3-54178f0b2317)
Speed Limit (Prosecutions)
(item number 1)
(id b3125f75-3ef1-4d23-8064-aba9915e2535)
National Fire Service
(item number 1)
(id c2c55b22-8dcf-41f3-a5a1-b9ebf355d45b)
Criminal Justice Bill, 1938
(item number 1)
(id ed9947e1-ea9b-4272-9627-4efc0f606db2)
Ballot Box Pencils
(item number 1)
(id b3d8baf3-d985-436a-bf5e-8a50fc4b9d95)
Downloads
Download content and documents relevant to the day's proceedings.